Abstract: This wiring board includes a substrate having a first elastic modulus and including a first surface and a second surface positioned on the opposite side of the first surface; wiring positioned on the first surface side of the substrate and connected to an electrode of an electronic component mounted on the wiring board; and a reinforcing member having a second elastic modulus greater than the first elastic modulus and at least including a first reinforcing part that is positioned on the first surface side of the substrate or on the second surface side of the substrate and that at least partially overlaps the electronic component mounted on the wiring board when viewed along the normal direction of the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing a radio frequency member to construct a radio frequency confinement device based on a waffle iron structure includes providing an intermediate work of a plate shape or a block shape, the intermediate work including a main surface which is shaped as a plane or a curved surface and a plurality of rods extending away from the main surface. An interval between a side surface of one of the plurality of rods and a side surface of another rod that is adjacent to the one rod monotonically increases in a direction away from the main surface. The method also includes forming an electrically-conductive plating layer on the main surface and at least the side surface of the plurality of rods by immersing at least a portion of the intermediate work in plating solution.

Abstract: A structure in which rods are arrayed is provided by using a raw material such as resin, and a plating layer is provided on its surface to confer electrical conductivity. In doing so, in order to prevent defects from occurring in the plating layer between rods, a gradually-pointed shape is adopted for the rods, such that a gap between rods enlarges toward the upper ends. This makes air voids between rods likely to be discharged with surface tension effects. A ridge to become a waveguide member may also be formed together with rod rows. By adopting a gradually-pointed shape for the rods, gaps between the ridge and the rods also are shaped so as to enlarge toward the rod upper ends, to promote discharging of air voids from between the ridge and the rods.

Abstract: A method for appropriately controlling an aeration volume for activated sludge on which aeration treatment is conducted while DO of an activated sludge mixed liquor in an aeration tank is being adjusted to substantially 0 mg/l (ultralow DO treatment). The method includes the following steps. An aeration volume correlation (G=F(Gr)) between an aeration tank and a measuring device is acquired in advance. A sample of activated sludge mixed liquor taken during ultralow DO treatment operation is temporarily intensely aerated in the measuring device and then aeration is stopped. Based on temporal changes in the measuring device DO value, an oxygen consumption rate Rr and an equilibrium DO value C1 are calculated. An appropriate aeration volume G2* of the testing device is acquired by using an Ea?G relationship formula and the like obtained in advance. An appropriate aeration volume Gr2* of the aeration tank is obtained by using the relationship G=F(Gr).

Abstract: A method for appropriately controlling an aeration volume for activated sludge on which aeration treatment is conducted while DO of an activated sludge mixed liquor in an aeration tank is being adjusted to substantially 0 mg/l (ultralow DO treatment). The method includes the following steps. An aeration volume correlation (G=F(Gr)) between an aeration tank and a measuring device is acquired in advance. A sample of activated sludge mixed liquor taken during ultralow DO treatment operation is temporarily intensely aerated in the measuring device and then aeration is stopped. Based on temporal changes in the measuring device DO value, an oxygen consumption rate Rr and an equilibrium DO value C1 are calculated. An appropriate aeration volume G2* of the testing device is acquired by using an Ea?G relationship formula and the like obtained in advance. An appropriate aeration volume Gr2* of the aeration tank is obtained by using the relationship G=F(Gr).

Abstract: [object] A technique for analyzing an oxygen consumption and an oxygen consumption rate in a process in which components of waste water are decomposed by aerobic microbes is provided. [Solving means] An oxygen consumption rate kx=KLa·(DOhf?highDOx) of a last block (block x) containing only one BOD component is first obtained by using the above approximate expression of a dissolved oxygen-concentration change curve, ?tx=tx?tx?1, and BODx=kx·?tx; kx?1 of a block which contains two BOD components and which is second to the last block is then obtained from kx?1=KLa·(DOhf?highDOx?1)?kx=KLa·(highDOx?highDOx?1); by sequentially performing this calculation to a first block, an oxygen consumption rate ki of each BOD component is obtained by using the relationship represented by ki=KLa·(highDOi+1?highDOi); and in addition, the BOD concentration of each BOD component is also obtained based on pBODi=ki·tx.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter apparatus is constructed by a light shielding blade, a fitting pin attached to the blade and an arm which is slidably engaged with the fitting pin to open or close the blade. A surface hardness of the fitting pin is higher than that of the arm. Concretely, the surface hardness of the arm is Hv300 to 600, and the surface hardness of the fitting pin is Hv450 to 1000. The arm and the fitting pin are subjected to chemical polishing treatment. Furthermore, the fitting pin is plated with nickel, chromium, palladium or rhodium. The fitting pin and arm have a substantially equal material hardness, or the material hardness of the fitting pin is higher. As the case may be, the fitting pin or arm may be plated with gold. Such an arrangement can suppress generation and accumulation of abrasion powder in the focal plane shutter apparatus assembled into a digital camera.

Abstract: An ETC (electronic toll collection) system includes an antenna having a predetermined directivity for providing a limited radio-communication service zone. A vehicle sensor operates for detecting a vehicle which reaches a predetermined position in the limited radio-communication service zone. A radio signal is transmitted via the antenna. A decision is made as to whether or not a radio response to the radio signal is received via the antenna. In cases where a radio response to the radio signal is received, it is judged that there is an ETC vehicle incoming. In cases where the vehicle sensor detects a vehicle while a radio response to the radio signal is not received, it is judged that there is a non-ETC vehicle incoming.

Abstract: A brightness limitation system is employed in a television circuit to prevent the black reference voltage level and the video signal from entering a minimum signal clipping zone, to provide precise correction signal, limiting the brightness, to maintain a constant black reference voltage level, and maintain a video signal with dynamic amplitude. The brightness limitation circuit detects a minimum signal level amongst the black reference signals from each color channel and compares the minimum signal with a fixed voltage level to generate a brightness feedback signal. The brightness feedback signal is then used to modify the black reference signal level for each color channel.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter has a light shielding shutter blade. A blade dowel is attached to the shutter blade. A blade arm is slidably engaged with the blade dowel to open or close the shutter blade. A surface hardness of the blade dowel is higher than a surface hardness of the blade arm. The surface hardness of the blade arm is Hv300 to 900, and the surface hardness of the blade dowel is Hv450 to 1000. The blade arm and the blade dowel are subjected to chemical polishing treatment. The blade dowel is plated with nickel, chromium, palladium or rhodium. A material of the blade dowel is a free-cutting stainless steel or a carbon tool steel, and a material of the blade arm is a carbon tool steel or a titanium material.

Abstract: An image signal processing device is an image signal processing device that conducts a signal processing of an image signal from an image sensor. The image signal processing device includes a color interpolation circuit that conducts color interpolation of the image signal in unit of pixels from the image sensor, and a data conversion circuit that conducts a prescribed data conversion of the image signal that is color-interpolated by the color interpolation circuit. The data conversion circuit conducts a linear interpolation of digital data, which has a smaller bit count than the digital data of an image signal that is input, based on low-bit data of the digital data.

Abstract: A light shielding blade material is provided for an optical apparatus and has at least three prepreg sheets each being comprised of an epoxy resin of a thermosetting type as a matrix resin and containing a fiber drawn in an alignment direction within the matrix resin. These prepreg sheets are superposed upon each other so that the alignment directions of the fibers of the prepreg sheets disposed adjacent to each other cross at right angles to each other. The material has also two or more films each being comprised of an epoxy resin of a non-cured state as a base resin and containing 15 to 40 weight % of carbon black in the epoxy resin. These films are disposed to form a laminate of the prepreg sheets and the films so that the prepreg sheets contact one surface or both surfaces of each film.

Abstract: A light shielding blade material for use in an optical apparatus is constructed by a substrate composed of a plastic film having a pair of surfaces opposed to each other. A shield coating capable of blocking an incident light is formed on each surface of the substrate. A reinforcement member is disposed on each shield coating. The reinforcement member is composed of a thermosetting resin prepreg sheet reinforced with fibers arranged in an alignment direction, and hardened to laminate with the substrate through the shield coating. A lubricant coating having a black appearance and a lubricity sufficient to suppress a surface friction is formed on each reinforcement member such that an upper layer of the lubricant coating and a lower layer of the shield coating are separated from each other by an intermediate layer of the reinforcement member.

Abstract: The objective is to provide a data transfer control device and electronic equipment that are capable of reducing processing overheads, thus enabling high-speed data transfer within a compact hardware configuration. In addition to a FIFO, an internal RAM capable of storing packets in a randomly accessible manner is provided between a link core and a CPU in a data transfer control device conforming to the IEEE 1394 standard. The RAM storage area is divided into a header area, a data area, and a CPU work area, and the header and data areas are divided into areas for reception and transmission. Tags are used to write the header of a receive packet to the header area and the data thereof to the data area. The data area is divided into areas for isochronous transfer and asynchronous transfer. Pointers are provided for controlling the size of each area in RAM variably, and the size of each area can be varied dynamically after power is switched on. Each area has a ring buffer structure.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic apparatus test circuit that can reduce the testing time and cost without relying on a PLL circuit. An electronic apparatus test circuit in accordance with the present invention is equipped with a PLL circuit, an external clock circuit that outputs either a multiplied clock signal or an external clock signal according to the state of a test signal, a divider circuit that divides the multiplied clock signal or an external clock signal to generate and output a system clock signal for a logic circuit and a clock signal for an encoder circuit, an input cell, a reception circuit, a decoder circuit, a logic circuit that processes with a specified logic circuit decoded data according to a system clock signal for the logic circuit, an encoder circuit that encodes the processed data according to a clock signal for the encoder circuit, a transmission circuit that transmits the encoded data, and an output cell.

Abstract: Provided is a bacteriostatic composition for salmonellae containing, as the active ingredient, a fermented broth obtained by effecting fermentation with the use of a lactic acid bacteriium belonging to the genus Leuconostoc, Streptococcus or Streptobacterium in a sucrose-containing medium, or a preparation originating in the supernatant obtained by subjecting the fermented broth to fractional precipitation from a water-miscible organic solvent.

Abstract: A light shielding blade material is provided for an optical apparatus and has at least three prepreg sheets each being comprised of an epoxy resin of a thermosetting type as a matrix resin and containing a fiber drawn in an alignment direction within the matrix resin. These prepreg sheets are superposed upon each other so that the alignment directions of the fibers of the prepreg sheets disposed adjacent to each other cross at right angles to each other. The material has also two or more films each being comprised of an epoxy resin of a non-cured state as a base resin and containing 15 to 40 weight % of carbon black in the epoxy resin. These films are disposed to form a laminate of the prepreg sheets and the films so that the prepreg sheets contact one surface or both surfaces of each film.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter apparatus is constructed by a light shielding blade, a fitting pin attached to the blade and an arm which is slidably engaged with the fitting pin to open or close the blade. A surface hardness of the fitting pin is higher than that of the arm. Concretely, the surface hardness of the arm is Hv300 to 600, and the surface hardness of the fitting pin is Hv450 to 1000. The arm and the fitting pin are subjected to chemical polishing treatment. Furthermore, the fitting pin is plated with nickel, chromium, palladium or rhodium. The fitting pin and arm have a substantially equal material hardness, or the material hardness of the fitting pin is higher. As the case may be, the fitting pin or arm may be plated with gold. Such an arrangement can suppress generation and accumulation of abrasion powder in the focal plane shutter apparatus assembled into a digital camera.

Abstract: The objective is to provide a data transfer control device and electronic equipment that are capable of reducing processing overheads, thus enabling high-speed data transfer within a compact hardware configuration. A packet diagnosis circuit diagnoses self-ID packets sent from many nodes, and detects the node that ought to become the isochronous resource manager (IRM) in accordance with IEEE 1394. The ID of that node is held in an IRM ID register. Firmware can discern the ID of the IRM by reading this register. If C and L bits of the self-ID packet of a node are both 1, the ID of that node overwrites the contents of the IRM ID register. Whether or not the system is within a self-ID period is detected and any packet that is sent in within that self-ID period is assumed to be a self-ID packet.

Abstract: The invention provides an electronic apparatus test circuit that can reduce the testing time and cost without relying on a PLL circuit. An electronic apparatus test circuit in accordance with the present invention is equipped with a PLL circuit, an external clock circuit that outputs either a multiplied clock signal or an external clock signal according to the state of a test signal, a divider circuit that divides the multiplied clock signal or an external clock signal to generate and output a system clock signal for a logic circuit and a clock signal for an encoder circuit, an input cell, a reception circuit, a decoder circuit, a logic circuit that processes with a specified logic circuit decoded data according to a system clock signal for the logic circuit, an encoder circuit that encodes the processed data according to a clock signal for the encoder circuit, a transmission circuit that transmits the encoded data, and an output cell.