Abstract: First main bit lines correspond to at least one first memory cell. Second main bit lines correspond to at least one second memory cell. At least one sense amplifier outputs read data according to a difference between a voltage of any one of the first main bit lines and a voltage of any one of the second main bit lines. A voltage supply switching section supplies a predetermined reference voltage to one of the first main bit lines corresponding to one of the second main bit lines in which a current according to a threshold voltage of the at least one second memory cell is generated. A resistance switching section forms electrical connection between a ground node and the one of the second main bit lines in which the current according to the threshold voltage of the at least one second memory cell is generated with a predetermined resistance value.

Abstract: First main bit lines correspond to at least one first memory cell. Second main bit lines correspond to at least one second memory cell. At least one sense amplifier outputs read data according to a difference between a voltage of any one of the first main bit lines and a voltage of any one of the second main bit lines. A voltage supply switching section supplies a predetermined reference voltage to one of the first main bit lines corresponding to one of the second main bit lines in which a current according to a threshold voltage of the at least one second memory cell is generated. A resistance switching section forms electrical connection between a ground node and the one of the second main bit lines in which the current according to the threshold voltage of the at least one second memory cell is generated with a predetermined resistance value.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling a semiconductor memory which includes a memory cell array including a plurality of multivalued memory cells where, in each of the memory cells, a first write operation allows storage of data in a first page address and a second write operation allows storage of data in a second page address, the method comprising an address conversion table processing step and an address scramble step. At the address conversion table processing step, an address conversion table for address conversion is generated by, in each of the plurality of multivalued memory cells, allocating addresses in which writing is to be performed to addresses such that data is written in a second page address after writing of data in a first page address. At the address scramble step, address conversion is performed on an input address according to the address conversion table.

Abstract: A switch section connects a first wire line aSL to the gate of a first memory transistor 1 and the source of a second memory transistor 2 and a second wire line bSL to the source of the first memory transistor 1 and the gate of the second memory transistor 2 when first type data is to be written into a memory cell; and connects the first wire line aSL to the source of the first memory transistor 1 and the gate of the second memory transistor 2 and the second wire line bSL to the gate of the first memory transistor 1 and the source of the second memory transistor 2 when second type data is to be written into a memory cell.

Abstract: A memory cell array includes a memory cell region composed of memory cells and a sample cell region composed of word line sample cells and bit line sample cells. The word line sample cell and the bit line sample cell are formed so that by a voltage applied to word lines and bit lines, charge transfer from the floating gate electrode occurs more easily than the memory cell.

Abstract: A switch section connects a first wire line aSL to the gate of a first memory transistor 1 and the source of a second memory transistor 2 and a second wire line bSL to the source of the first memory transistor 1 and the gate of the second memory transistor 2 when first type data is to be written into a memory cell; and connects the first wire line aSL to the source of the first memory transistor 1 and the gate of the second memory transistor 2 and the second wire line bSL to the gate of the first memory transistor 1 and the source of the second memory transistor 2 when second type data is to be written into a memory cell.

Abstract: A memory cell array includes a memory cell region composed of memory cells and a sample cell region composed of word line sample cells and bit line sample cells. The word line sample cell and the bit line sample cell are formed so that by a voltage applied to word lines and bit lines, charge transfer from the floating gate electrode occurs more easily than the memory cell.

Abstract: A water pump apparatus includes a body adapted to a fixed mounting surface of an engine and having a bore, a rotational shaft rotatably supported on the body via a bearing, an impeller fixed to the shaft and located in a pump chamber for supplying forcibly water from a water inlet to a water outlet, a seal member for sealing between the pump chamber and the bore of the body and a collection chamber portion provided on at least one of the body or the engine so as to communicate with the bore between the bearing and the seal member via a drain passage and for collecting water leaked via the seal member, wherein the collection chamber portion is opened toward the mounting surface of the engine and an opening of the collection chamber portion is fluid-tight closed by fixing the body to the engine.

Abstract: A water pump apparatus includes a body adapted to a fixed mounting surface of an engine and having a bore, a rotational shaft rotatably supported on the body via a bearing, an impeller fixed to the shaft and located in a pump chamber for supplying forcibly water from a water inlet to a water outlet, a seal member for sealing between the pump chamber and the bore of the body and a collection chamber portion provided on at least one of the body or the engine so as to communicate with the bore between the bearing and the seal member via a drain passage and for collecting water leaked via the seal member, wherein the collection chamber portion is opened toward the mounting surface of the engine and an opening of the collection chamber portion is fluid-tight closed by fixing the body to the engine.