Abstract: A technology can efficiently dry the high-boiling point solvent contained in the object and achieve the space-saving and energy-saving of a drying apparatus. A drying method for drying an object containing a first solvent while conveying the object into a chamber (38), comprises: a first drying step of drying the object up to a drying point in the prestage of the chamber (38); and a second drying step of forming a vapor atmosphere of a second solvent having a lower boiling point than the first solvent in the chamber (38) and drying the object such that the temperature of the object in an inlet port of the chamber (38) is made to be lower by a predetermined temperature difference than the temperature of the vapor atmosphere.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.

Abstract: A method for drying a material to be dried, the material containing a first solvent and being conveyed, comprising the steps of: supplying hot air from a supply unit to the material, the hot air containing vapor of a second solvent having a smaller or equal molecular volume than the molecular volume of the first solvent, wherein exhaust is discharged at farther upstream and farther downstream portions from windshield plates disposed at upstream and downstream of the supply unit, in the direction of conveying the material to be dried.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.

Abstract: A casting dope is cast onto a moving peripheral surface to form a casting film. The casting film is cooled to be hardened or solidified. The casting film is peeled from the peripheral surface by a peeling roller to form a primary wet film. The primary wet film is transported to a transfer section. The primary wet film is sent from the transfer section to a first drying chamber. Wet gas containing water vapor is applied to the primary wet film in the first drying chamber. Water molecules are absorbed into the primary wet film. The water molecules absorbed into the primary wet film expand meshes of network structure of polymer molecules of the primary wet film. The diffusion of liquid compounds contained in the primary wet film is accelerated. Thus, the elimination of the liquid compounds can be facilitated.

Abstract: A method for making a positive photosensitive planographic printing plate including of a base having formed thereon in this order an undercoat layer and an image recording layer, wherein the undercoat layer is obtained by applying an undercoat layer solution containing a solvent and an acrylic resin having an alkali-soluble group, followed by drying the coating, the image recording layer contains a novolac resin and an infrared absorbing agent, and the applied undercoat layer solution is dried in an undercoat layer drying step which includes a steam-containing hot air drying step using steam-containing hot air having a temperature of 90° C. to 200° C., and a relative humidity of 8% to 70%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of organic electroluminescent device and the organic electroluminescent device that unevenness in the surface of the transparent electrode layer is covered by the organic luminescence media layer without being affected by the unevenness. In a manufacturing method of the organic electroluminescent device which emits light by applying voltage to organic luminous layer 5 between transparent electrode layer 3 and a counter electrode layer 6, organic luminous layer 8 is formed by using ink containing low molecular organic luminescent material of which molecular weight is less than or equal to 5000.

Abstract: A color filter includes at least one blue filter segment, at least one red filter segment, and at least one green filter segment, and has a thickness of from 1 to 2.5 &mgr;m. The blue filter segment is prepared from a blue-colored composition containing a colorant carrier selected from the group consisting of a transparent resin, a precursor of a transparent resin and a mixture thereof, and a blue colorant dispersed in the carrier. The blue colorant consists of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and a dioxazine violet pigment. The content of the dioxazine violet pigment is 0.5% to 7% by weight based on the total weight of the blue colorant. There is also disclosed a color liquid crystal display device having the color filter, and a backlight unit provided with a three-band fluorescent lamp as a light source and exhibiting a specific light intensity distribution.

Abstract: There is provided a black photoresist composition comprising a carbon black grafted with a polymer compound, a resin material, a crosslinking agent and a photo acid generator, in which specific amounts of the grafted carbon black, the resin material, the crosslinking agent and the photo acid generator are comprised. In addition, there is provided a color filter that has a black matrix made by using this black photoresist composition and is free of protuberances at the overlapping portions of multi-color picture elements and the black matrix. Thus, the present invention is able to provide a black photoresist composition, a color filter using the black photoresist composition, and a method for preparing the color filter that allows the formation of a black matrix having a high density that blocks out light and low reflectance, and the production of a color filter having a high degree of flatness and high film strength.

Abstract: A wet blasting media involving fine particles having a mean diameter less than 0.5 mm, and a specific gravity of at least 1.5. The particles are formed by glass beads having an irregular plastics resin mass therearound, such as a polyacetyl or polycarbonate resin. The resin has a specific gravity of 1.3 or greater. The particles readily uniformly mix with water to permit uniform blasting of articles, and at the same time the glass beads provide the particles with the desired density but do not damage the surface of the articles being blasted.A method of making the blasting particles wherein the glass beads are coated with a coupling agent and thereafter are mixed with the selected resin. The mixture is extruded into a selected shape, such as a rod, which is then pelletized. The pellets are frozen rapidly at a very low temperature, and are immediately crushed or pulverized when in this fragile frozen state so as to form the fine but irregular blasting particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ion implantation apparatus and method for maskless processing of substrate, and more particularly, to form ion implanted pattern by selectively scanning a focused ion beam on the surface of a processing substrate. The timing of the apparatus is controlled by a variable frequency clock pulse. By using the variable frequency oscillator, a clock frequency can be controlled continuously. So, the ion implantation pattern is easily controlled by the clock frequency and scanning number with high accuracy compared to a prior art.

Abstract: A wet blasting media involving fine particles having a mean diameter less than 0.5 mm, and a specific gravity of at least 1.5. The particles are formed by glass beads having an irregular plastics resin mass therearound, such as a polyacetyl or polycarbonate resin. The resin has a specific gravity of 1.3 or greater. The particles readily uniformly mix with water to permit uniform blasting of articles, and at the same time the glass beads provide the particles with the desired density but do not damage the surface of the articles being blasted.

Abstract: An image-forming element comprises a transparent base film, an aluminum film deposited on the base film, and a photosensitive layer formed on the aluminum film and which can be developed with an alkali aqueous solution developer. The photosensitive layer comprises of (a) 20 to 60% by weight of a copolymer of a vinyl toluene and a monoester of an unsaturated dibasic acid, (b) 10 to 70% by weight of an addition-polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer which is an acrylate or a methacrylate of a fatty polyhydroxy alcohol having at least two terminal ethylene groups and at least one hydroxyl groups, and (c) 0.5 to 30% by weight of a photopolymerization initiator.