Abstract: A two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) convertible display using a pinhole array, and more particularly, a 2D/3D convertible display, which is easily convertible between the 2D or 3D modes using an electro-optic material of which the refractive index varies according to applied power is provided. A system capable of easily selecting 2D/3D can be used in many fields, which are in need of greatly improved video information, such as medical science, engineering, simulation, and stereoscopic video TV, which will emerge in the near future.

Abstract: The rear projection type display apparatus includes: a translucent type screen having a Fresnel lens sheet in which lens patterns having a Fresnel surface becoming a light beam transmission surface and a rise surface becoming a light beam non-transmission surface are concentrically formed, and an optical axis of the Fresnel lens being the center of the lens patterns is positioned outside the Fresnel lens sheet and an optical diffusion plate; a projector capable of projecting picture images onto the translucent type screen; and a reflection mirror between the projector and the translucent type screen; wherein the reflection mirror is roughly installed at an intermediate position between the projector and the translucent type screen.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) is provided. The HMD includes: an image-forming unit that produces and emits an image; a half mirror disposed obliquely with respect to the image-forming unit for transmitting some part of the image entering from the image-forming unit and transmitting the remaining part; a pinhole located at a focal point of the image reflected from the half mirror for transmitting the incident image and focusing the transmitted image onto a dark space within the housing; a collimating lens disposed opposite the pinhole with respect to the half mirror for converging the incident divergent image and producing parallel light; a prism unit disposed opposite the collimating lens for guiding the path of the incident image; and a Fresnel lens disposed opposite a part of the prism unit for focusing the incident image onto an eyeball. A user wearing the HMD can view the image formed in the housing through the pinhole.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image display apparatus is provided. The three-dimensional image display apparatus, which includes an image forming display flat panel and a lens unit that is disposed in front of the image forming display flat panel and converts images projected from the image forming display flat panel into three-dimensional images. The lens unit includes a set of diffractive optical devices, each of which includes a plurality of diffractive grating elements that are parallel to one another and are disposed above the image forming display flat panel. Accordingly, the three-dimensional image display apparatus uses diffractive optical devices, each of which is composed of diffractive grating elements having very narrow widths, thereby displaying two- and three-dimensional images of good quality.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) is provided. The HMD includes: an image-forming unit that produces and emits an image; a half mirror disposed obliquely with respect to the image-forming unit for transmitting some part of the image entering from the image-forming unit and transmitting the remaining part; a pinhole located at a focal point of the image reflected from the half mirror for transmitting the incident image and focusing the transmitted image onto a dark space within the housing; a collimating lens disposed opposite the pinhole with respect to the half mirror for converging the incident divergent image and producing parallel light; a prism unit disposed opposite the collimating lens for guiding the path of the incident image; and a Fresnel lens disposed opposite a part of the prism unit for focusing the incident image onto an eyeball. A user wearing the HMD can view the image formed in the housing through the pinhole.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) using retinal direct projection that provides a small size and lightweight by changing the configuration of optical components and optical arrangement. The HMD includes: a planar backlight for producing and emitting planar light; a light-speed controlling element positioned in front of the planar backlight for controlling the speed of incident light so that the light propagates parallel or near parallel to an optical axis; an image-forming element disposed in front of the light-speed controlling element for forming an image; and a Fresnel lens placed in front of the image-forming element for focusing the incoming incident onto an eyeball.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) using retinal direct projection that provides a small size and lightweight by changing the configuration of optical components and optical arrangement. The HMD includes: a planar backlight for producing and emitting planar light; a light-speed controlling element positioned in front of the planar backlight for controlling the speed of incident light so that the light propagates parallel or near parallel to an optical axis; an image-forming element disposed in front of the light-speed controlling element for forming an image; and a Fresnel lens placed in front of the image-forming element for focusing the incoming incident onto an eyeball.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film-making method, wherein a film-making substrate having a light-transmittable substrate which supports a light-transmittable conductive thin film and a photocatalytic thin film is immersed in an electrolytic solution and irradiated with ultraviolet light directed onto the photocatalytic thin film to form a film thereon, the conductive film and photocatalytic film being arranged on the film-making substrate in such a way that they are in contact with each other, that the conductive film is allowed to conduct to the electrolytic solution and that the photocatalytic film comes into contact with the electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution containing a substance which decreases in solubility or dispersibility in an aqueous liquid when its pH is changed.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) convertible display using a pinhole array, and more particularly, a 2D/3D convertible display, which is easily convertible between the 2D or 3D modes using an electro-optic material of which the refractive index varies according to applied power is provided. A system capable of easily selecting 2D/3D can be used in many fields, which are in need of greatly improved video information, such as medical science, engineering, simulation, and stereoscopic video TV, which will emerge in the near future.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image display apparatus is provided. The three-dimensional image display apparatus, which includes an image forming display flat panel and a lens unit that is disposed in front of the image forming display flat panel and converts images projected from the image forming display flat panel into three-dimensional images. The lens unit includes a set of diffractive optical devices, each of which includes a plurality of diffractive grating elements that are parallel to one another and are disposed above the image forming display flat panel. Accordingly, the three-dimensional image display apparatus uses diffractive optical devices, each of which is composed of diffractive grating elements having very narrow widths, thereby displaying two- and three-dimensional images of good quality.

Abstract: A two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) convertible display using a micro lens array, and more particularly, a 2D/3D convertible display, which can be easily converted between 2D and 3D display mode using an electro-optic material of which the refractive index varies according to applied power is provided. In the 2D/3D convertible display in a stereoscopic video display comprising an imaging display and a lens unit, which is formed on the front surface of the imaging display and converts video that is emitted from the imaging display into 3D video, the lens unit includes an electro-optic material of which the refractive index is selectively adjusted according to the position of the lens unit due to applied power and is a liquid crystal layer that serves as a lens according to the sequential variation in the refractive index.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film transistor-integrated color filter for use in a liquid crystal display element including a step of manufacturing a substrate for use in liquid crystal display by arranging and forming a thin film transistor and a transparent conductive film on a transparent substrate and a step of bringing the substrate for use in the liquid crystal display into contact with an aqueous electrodeposition solution containing a colorant, supplying an electric current, thereby electrochemically changing the concentration of hydrogen ions to deposit the colorant on the transparent conductive film of the substrate for use in liquid crystal display to form a colored conductive electrodeposition film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a TFT-integrated color filter is provided, which can controllably fabricate a color filter having a high aperture efficiency and a high resolution at low costs without the need for aligning the color filter with a TFT substrate as required by the prior art.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing conductive color filters having a fine, complicated pixel pattern, a high resolution, high surface smoothness, and a high, uniform conductivity. The method comprises the selective formation of a black matrix on a light-transmitted photoconductive thin film of a light-transmitting substrate, which comprises the light-transmitting conductive film stacked upon a photoconductive thin film and allowing at least the photoconductive thin film of the substrate to be in contact with an electrolyte containing a conductive electrodeposition material containing a coloring material. The photoconductive thin film is then irradiated with light, and the electrodeposition material is then selectively deposited in a light-irradiated area of the photoconductive thin film, thereby forming a conductive colored electrodeposition film.

Abstract: There is provided an image projection apparatus which is small and in which a picture image can be stably observed while high resolution is maintained. The image projection apparatus is structured such that a beam of light from a light source passes through a condensing lens to be converged, and is brought into focus at a space filter. This focus is a secondary point light source, and a diverging spherical wave from this is converted into a parallel beam of light by an illuminating hologram optical element. This parallel beam of light illuminates a transmission space modulator (color liquid crystal display element), is converted into a converged beam of light by an object hologram optical element, and is brought into focus at a pupil. This point is a secondary light source image. This image becomes a Fourier transform image (diffraction image surface) of picture image information of the space modulator, and after passing through an eyeball lens, it forms a geometric image on a retina.

Abstract: A method of forming a colored film includes a step of forming a substrate for electrodeposition by laminating at least a transparent conductive film and a thin transparent photosemiconductor film having a photovoltaic function in this order on the surface of a support having an electronic circuit materialthereon, and a step of irradiating with a light at least a thin photosemiconductor film of the substrate for electrodeposition while bringing the same into contact with an aqueous electrolyte containing an electrodeposition material containing a colorant, thereby selectively generating a photoelectromotive force to an irradiated area of the thin photosemiconductor film and electrochemically depositing the electrodeposition material to form a colored electrodeposition film; an electronic driving device containing the colored film and a liquid crystal display device having the electronic driving device, the method capable of forming the colored film of high quality and excellent surface smoothness being formed

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming method which is featured by the advantages such as a high-quality image, a relatively high speed operation, a low running cost, energy saving, resource saving and friendliness to both environments and users.First, there is prepared an image forming medium which comprises on an electroconductive substrate an electroconductive polymer layer capable of taking in and holding an ionic dye as a result of the change in at least two states selected from the group consisting of an oxidized state, a neutral state and a reduced state of the electroconductive polymer and which holds an ionic dye. Next, an image receiving medium, which has OH.sup.- ions having the same polarity as that of the ionic dye held in the electroconductive polymer layer, is brought into contact with the electroconductive polymer layer. Accordingly, there occurs an ion exchange between the ionic dye held in the electroconductive polymer layer and the OH.sup.

Abstract: The transmittance of ionic dye molecules through a thin electrically conductive high polymer film is controlled to vary between at least two states of the film as selected from among oxidized, neutral and reduced states, such that the ionic dye molecules are transferred onto a recording medium, thereby forming an image. A surface of a substrate having fine pores through which the ionic dye molecules can pass is provided with the thin electrically conductive high polymer film to fabricate a cylindrical printing unit 16, which is provided in a face-to-face relationship with an electrode unit 17 such that a voltage can be applied therebetween. The printing unit 16 is filled with a solution 21 containing ionic dye molecules. When electrodes in the electrode unit 17 are supplied with a potential pattern that brings the electrically conductive high polymer to an oxidized state, the ionic dye molecules are released from the printing unit 16 to form a one-dimensional image on a moving sheet of paper 17.

Abstract: A self-frequency-doubler laser element having a three-dimensional optical waveguide includes a first transparent insulating substrate having both a DFB grating and a grating reflector formed on one side of the DFB grating, a Nd.sup.3+ -ion-doped thin glass film laid over the first transparent insulating substrate, a thin nonlinear optical film laid over the thin glass film, a second transparent insulating substrate laid over the thin nonlinear optical film, and a thin reflecting film laid over the second transparent insulating substrate, wherein the following conditions are satisfied: nf-ng=0.01 to 0.05, and nf and ng are greater than ns and nc, where ns, ng, nf, and nc are the refractive indices of the first transparent insulating substrate, the thin glass film, the thin nonlinear optical film, and the second transparent insulating substrate, respectively.

Abstract: The invention is based on a thin-film semiconductor FET device. A field plate electrode for producing an electric field is formed on a channel-protecting film above the end of the gate electrode that is on the side of an offset region. Stable transistor characteristics can be maintained for a long time with the field plate electrode voltage set to a low value. The drain electrode is coated with a film of an anticorrosion metal. Where an integrated circuit with a high device density is fabricated from semiconductor devices of this construction, the drain electrodes are effectively prevented from being corroded.