Abstract: An output of an optical sensor in the initial state, that is, when a disc is absent, is set as a reference value. A threshold for detecting the disc is calculated by adding a predetermined variation to the reference value. When the output of the optical sensor exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the disc is present.

Abstract: In a connection oriented mode communication system, a communication connection is established as an alternative connection substitutive for a currently working communication connection so that the alternative connection connects the couple of node apparatus connected through the currently working communication connection to each other by way of a route physically different from that of the currently working communication connection. According to the above arrangement, it becomes possible to carry out maintenance, moving of facility or the like of a network including the currently working connection without interrupting the service which is provided through the currently working connection.

Abstract: During an ejecting or unloading operation of an information recording medium by a conveying roller, if detection signals are output from detecting sensors indicating that the object being ejected or unloaded has already been discharged from an insertion hole although it has not, then the insertion hole is closed by the door. If, for some reasons, the door fails to close the insertion hole within a predetermined time, the conveying roller performs a forcible ejecting operation, whereby the object left inside is forcibly ejected to the outside. Thus, ejection or unloading of a medium is carried out without failure.

Abstract: A storage section 18, a communicating section 22, an openable section 20, and a discharged section are provided. Regions of container walls 12a (12b) that form an opening 21 to be formed by tearing the openable section 20 are approchable each other, and regions of the container walls 12a (12b) that form the communicating section 22 are approchable each other. When the regions of the container walls 12a (12b) that form the opening 21 are separated from each other over the entire width thereof, the regions of the container walls 12a (12b) that form the communicating section 22 can be separated from each other. Seal sheets 28a (28b) are respectively joined to the regions of the container walls 12a (12b) that form the communicating section 22. The seal sheets 28a (28b) are opposite each other and extend toward the storage section 18.

Abstract: Substances comprising a substance that recognizes PD-1, a substance that recognizes a membrane protein co-existing with PD-1 on a cell membrane, and a linker.

Abstract: To enable high-speed CRC operation and flexible use of various generating polynomials without causing significant increase in circuit scale, the CRC operation unit uses circuits generally provided for a DSP and some additional circuits.

Abstract: An disk reproducing apparatus (S) for recording information detects an error occurrence inside the disk reproducing apparatus (S) by a system control portion (7). The disk reproducing apparatus (S) obtains at least one of temperature information, voltage information and operational information inside the disk reproducing apparatus (S) on detecting the error occurrence, and records the obtained information onto a memory (8).

Abstract: To enable high-speed CRC operation and flexible use of various generating polynomials without causing significant increase in circuit scale, the CRC operation unit uses circuits generally provided for a DSP and some additional circuits. The CRC operation unit includes: a generating polynomial supply section having a first general register for storing an arbitrary generating polynomial and a selector for selectively outputting the generating polynomial or data of which all bits has a value of 0; an operation data supply section having a memory, a shift register, a second general register, and a barrel shifter, for outputting operation data for CRC operation based on transmitting/receiving data; an operation section for performing CRC operation using the generating polynomial output from the generating polynomial supply section and the operation data output from the operation data supply section; and an operation instruction execution control section for controlling the operations of the above sections.

Abstract: An information recording medium conveyer is provided, which provides countermeasures against power interruptions with high reliability. When a power interruption occurs during a loading operation with a conveying roller, the first unloading operation is initiated. When the outputs from detection sensors satisfy a predetermined condition during the first unloading operation, the process is initialized to cause the conveying roller to initiate a re-loading operation, thereby loading an information recording medium into a tray. On the other hand, when the outputs from the detection sensors do not change in accordance with a predetermined sequence during the re-loading operation, the process initiates the second unloading operation.

Abstract: During an ejecting or unloading operation of an information recording medium by a conveying roller, if detection signals are output from detecting sensors indicating that the object being ejected or unloaded has already been discharged from an insertion hole although it has not, then the insertion hole is closed by the door. If, for some reasons, the door fails to close the insertion hole within a predetermined time, the conveying roller performs a forcible ejecting operation, whereby the object left inside is forcibly ejected to the outside. Thus, ejection or unloading of a medium is carried out without failure.

Abstract: This invention provides a cleaning method for removing sediment from the inner wall of the rotary drum of a horizontal drum-type centrifugal separator which comprises charging a plurality of solid cleaning medium pieces such as globules, balls, cubes, rods, springs etc., into the rotary drum, supplying a cleaning liquid to the rotary drum, rotating the drum, and discharging the sediment together with the cleaning liquid. The solid cleaning medium is charged into the rotary drum either before centrifugal separation or at the time of cleaning after centrifugal separation.

Abstract: A test system which can verify the internal connectivity in an ATM switching system by using loopback OAM cells, without establishing any dedicated channels or using special cells newly defined for test purposes. The connectivity test system produces a loopback OAM cell containing a local subsystem identifier in a predetermined field thereof to designate a specific local subsystem in the ATM switching system as the intended loopback point. This loopback OAM cell is transmitted to the ATM switching system by a transmission unit. A response unit, disposed in each local subsystem in the ATM switching system, receives the loopback OAM cell from the transmission unit through a certain physical link, and it checks the predetermined field of the received loopback OAM cell. If the identifier found in the field agrees with the local subsystem's own identifier, the response unit sends back the received loopback OAM cell through the same link so that it will be returned to the originator via the same route.

Abstract: To enable high-speed CRC operation and flexible use of various generating polynomials without causing significant increase in circuit scale, the CRC operation unit uses circuits generally provided for a DSP and some additional circuits.

Abstract: In a connection oriented mode communication system, a communication connection is established as an alternative connection substitutive for a currently working communication connection so that the alternative connection connects the couple of node apparatus connected through the currently working communication connection to each other by way of a route physically different from that of the currently working communication connection. According to the above arrangement, it becomes possible to carry out maintenance, moving of facility or the like of a network including the currently working connection without interrupting the service which is provided through the currently working connection.

Abstract: A container for therapeutic use is formed of a main body, which is made of a flexible resin and provided with a bag portion. The bag portion is formed in a flat shape at at least a part thereof where mutually-opposing walls of the bag portion are peelably welded together at inner surfaces thereof to form a welded region. A hole is formed as an attachment hole through at least one of the mutually-opposing walls in the welded region. A holder with a medicament placed therein, said medicament being prone to a change in property or color upon absorption of moisture, is hermetically attached to the at least one wall over the attachment hole to seal the medicament in the holder. A moisture-barrier member with a desiccant placed therein is arranged on a side opposite to the holder so that the other wall of the bag portion is hermetically covered by the moisture-barrier member at a position at least corresponding to the attachment hole.

Abstract: A polypeptide having .alpha.-helix structure, which has a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic surface, and which is produced by genetic engineering techniques is disclosed. According to the present invention, stable polypetide molecules having .alpha.-helix structure, which have a constant molecular weight and which can be used in various applications represented by materials for medical applications, can be provided.

Abstract: A two-cycle crankcase compression direct injected internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber formed by a recess in the cylinder head in which a gap of the spark plug extends. The direct fuel injector sprays into this recess and has a first nozzle port that is directed toward the spark plug gap and at least two other nozzle ports that are directed into the recess but above the head of the piston. This achieves good stratification. The timing of the injection is such at least under low load and low speed conditions that the fuel patch will reach the spark plug at about the time it fires. A staged automatically operated throttle valve system is provided for insuring excess air to aid in the stratification and permit lean burn running.

Abstract: A primary brake system operated by either one of a hand operated means and a foot operated system is mounted on one of the front and rear wheels, and a secondary brake system operated in response to the operation of the primary brake system is mounted on the other wheel. Consequently, it is possible to provide a braking-force distribution for the front and rear wheels with a predetermined common characteristic, leading to an improved brake feel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a filled and sealed, self-contained mixing container. The container has compartments which are isolated from each other. Plural substances which contain components susceptible to mutual reaction unless isolated from each other are contained in the respective compartments. In use, these compartments are communicated together so that the individual contents can be mixed within the container. A flow passage or passages, each of which has an isolator for the contents and is adapted to communicate the compartments with each other, and is formed by a side channel provided on an outer surface of a wall of the container. Mixing of the contents without exposure to the external atmosphere can be realized by irreversible destruction of the isolator upon use. The container is suited particularly for a closed therapy system.

Abstract: A water supply control system has a faucet actuating means for actuating a water supply faucet to supply water, a light-emitting means for intermittently emitting light at at least a first period, a light-detecting means for detecting light emitted from the light-emitting means and reflected by a portion of the body of a user of the faucet, and for producing a detected signal indicative of whether the light is detected or not, and a control means for controlling the faucet actuating means to actuate the faucet based on the detected signal from the light-detecting means.