Abstract: An inverter control section controls the inverter by controlling an armature current in a two-axis orthogonal coordinate system that rotates in synchronization with the rotary electric machine, the armature current being a vector obtained by synthesizing a field current and a drive current extending along respective axes of the orthogonal coordinate system. If it is determined that connection between the DC power source section and the inverter is in a blocked state, the inverter control section executes zero-torque control in which the inverter is controlled such that torque regenerated by the rotary electric machine becomes zero, and executes high-loss control in which the field current is varied so as to increase the armature current while maintaining a torque command provided in the zero-torque control.

Abstract: Regenerated power fed from a rotary electric machine is immediately reduced where connection between an electric machine and a DC power source is blocked. An inverter control section controls the inverter by controlling an armature current in a two-axis orthogonal coordinate system that rotates in synchronization with the rotary electric machine, the armature current being a vector obtained by synthesizing a field current and a drive current extending along respective axes of the orthogonal coordinate system. If it is determined that connection between the DC power source section and the inverter is in a blocked state, the inverter control section executes zero-torque control in which the inverter is controlled such that torque regenerated by the rotary electric machine becomes zero, and executes high-loss control in which the field current is varied so as to increase the armature current while maintaining a torque command provided in the zero-torque control.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope has an outer cover including a transparent cover, a surface light emitting device, and a photographing optical system. The outer cover seals an inside space of the capsule endoscope. The light emitting device, which is disposed in the inside space of the capsule endoscope, emits light to an object through the transparent cover. The photographing optical system, which is disposed opposite to the transparent cover in the inside space, captures light reflected from the object which passes through the transparent cover.

Abstract: A polarized light emitting device has a planar emitting device, a phase-shift device, a polarizing reflecting device, and a reflecting device. The planar emitting device emits light from a front and back surfaces of the planar emitting device. The phase-shift device transmits the light emitted from said planar emitting device, and changes the polarization direction of the light. The polarizing reflecting device transmits or reflects the light according to the polarization of the light emitted from the front surface or transmitted by said phase-shift device. The reflecting device reflects the light emitted from the back surface or transmitted by said phase-shift device.

Abstract: A transparent display comprising a transmittance control block and a display block is provided. The transparent display transmits an optical image from a front surface to a back surface. The optical image is projected onto the front surface. A first image is displayed on the transparent display and superimposed onto the optical image. The transmittance control block is mounted to the front surface side. The transmittance control block comprises a guest-host liquid crystal layer and transparent electrodes. The transmittance of the light incident to the guest-host liquid crystal layer is able to be adjusted. The guest-host liquid crystal is mounted between the transparent electrodes. The display block is mounted to the back surface side. The display block comprises an organo-electroluminescence device. The first image is displayed on the display block.

Abstract: A transparent display comprising first and second transparent substrates first and second transparent electrodes, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, and first and second light sources, is provided. The first and second transparent electrodes are mounted on the inside surfaces of the first and second transparent substrates. The inside surfaces of the first and second transparent substrates face each other. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer fills the gap between the first and second transparent electrodes. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer comprises a polymer material and a liquid crystal. The first and second light sources emit first and second light in predetermined directions, respectively. The predetermined directions are decided so that the first and second light are reflected at an outside surface.

Abstract: A luminescent display device is provided in a viewfinder device having a viewfinder window for observing an object. The luminescent display device has a substrate a first electrode, an organic layer arranged in sequence on or above the substrate. A sealing member is disposed above the substrate. The organic layer and the first and second electrodes are disposed in a sealed space between the sealing member and the substrate. An absorbent is disposed separately from the substrate within the sealed space, so that the organic layer is interposed between the substrate and the absorbent member.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope has an outer cover including a transparent cover, a surface light emitting device, and a photographing optical system. The outer cover seals an inside space of the capsule endoscope. The light emitting device, which is disposed in the inside space of the capsule endoscope, emits light to an object through the transparent cover. The photographing optical system, which is disposed opposite to the transparent cover in the inside space, captures light reflected from the object which passes through the transparent cover.

Abstract: A unit quantity of electricity is input to each pixel of a plurality of pixels according to image data so that the each pixel emits a predetermined light. The luminance of the predetermined light per unit quantity of electricity is smaller as electric resistance value of each pixel become larger. A high resistance pixel having a relatively high electric resistance value or a low resistance pixel having a relatively low electric resistance value is detected among the plurality of pixels. The unit quantity of electricity is adjusted for at least one of the high resistance pixel and the low resistance pixel.

Abstract: An EL device has an intermediate layer, one electrode layer, being one of an anode layer and a cathode layer, and an organic layer that are disposed on a substrate in sequence. The one electrode layer, the intermediate layer, and the substrate have light-transmitting properties. The organic layer emits light through the one electrode layer, the intermediate layer, and the substrate to outside the EL device. The refractive index of the intermediate layer is between a refractive index of the one electrode layer and a refractive index of the substrate.

Abstract: A stereoscopic endoscope includes a primary optical system for transmitting a luminous flux, reflected by an object located near a first end of the optical system, to a second end of the optical system. A first image forming system forms a first image of the object in accordance with a first area of the luminous flux, and a second image forming system forms a second image of the object in accordance with a second area of the luminous flux, the second area not overlapping the first area. An imaging device detects the first image and the second image, the image detecting system outputting an image signal.

Abstract: The stereoscopic microscope includes a common close-up optical system that faces an object, a pair of zoom optical systems that form a pair of primary image, a pair of field stops, a pair of relay optical systems that relay the primary images to form a pair of secondary images, an inter-axis distance reducing element, an image taking device and an illuminating optical system. The object light rays incident on the close-up optical system form the primary images having predetermined parallax at the field stops through the zoom optical systems. The inter-axis distance reducing element reduces the inter-axis distance of the right and left light rays. The primary images are re-imaged by the relay optical systems as the secondary images on the adjacent regions on the single image taking surface of the image taking device, respectively.

Abstract: An adapter uses a monocular endoscope with a stereoscopic observing portion. The observing portion includes a system that divides light transmitted by the monocular endoscope into two light beams, and a pair of optical systems, each of the optical systems receiving one of the light beams and forming an image of the object. The images formed by each of the optical systems forming a stereoscopic image of the object, the adapter comprising a system that connects the observing portion to the monocular endoscope.

Abstract: A stereoscopic endoscope is provided having a primary optical system for forming an image of an object, a device for dividing the light transmitted by the primary optical system into two light beams, and a pair of optical systems for detecting the image formed by the primary optical system. Each of the secondary optical systems may receive one of the light beams and form an image of the object on a corresponding imaging device. The stereoscopic endoscope may also include a device for adjusting a position of the light dividing device relative to an optical axis and an exit pupil of the primary optical system, and a device for detecting a position of the light dividing device in accordance with each of the output image signals.

Abstract: A video endoscope system including a light guide for transmitting light emitted from a light source to illuminate an observation field of an endoscope, and a device for controlling the luminous flux of light supplied to the light guide from the light source. A solid-state imaging device forms an image of the observation field, and a processor processes an image signal output from the solid-state imaging device. In addition, a color tone correcting device divides the image to be processed by the processor into a plurality of regions and makes color tone correction with respect to each of the regions according to the control condition of the luminous flux control device.

Abstract: An objective lens for an endoscope includes a front lens of negative power, an aperture stop, and a rear lens group of positive power in this order from the object side. At least one surface of the front lens group and/or the rear lens group is a compound aspherical lens made of a glass lens and a transparent layer applied to the glass lens surface. A surface of the transparent layer farther from the glass lens is an aspherical surface. The refractive index n of the glass lens to which the transparent layer is applied is more than 1.65 (n>1.65).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses to evaluate the best image plane position for an optical lens system, particularly a wide angle lens with a large power ratio, in e.g. an endoscope, in simple and less time consuming procedure. The present devices and methods include a screen which can form an edge image, an optical system which forms an image of the screen, a light receiver located at the focal plane, or in its neighborhood, on which the edge image of the screen is formed by the optical system to convert the edge image into an electric signal, and a sampler which samples the electric signal transmitted from the light receiver in a crossing direction perpendicular to the edge image.

Abstract: In a fingerprint input apparatus used to detect an image of a fingerprint, light is emitted towards a finger which is placed on an image detecting surface of a prism. An incident angle of light on the image detecting surface is less than a critical angle. An image sensor detects light which has been diffused by the fingerprint and directed towards the image sensor.

Abstract: An image detecting apparatus is used to detect an image of a pattern of lines on a palm. The image detecting apparatus has an optical transparent block which has a refractive index greater than that of a surrounding medium. The optical transparent block also has a convex curved surface on which the palm is placed. The image detecting apparatus further includes a light source for emitting light towards the convex curved surface through the optical transparent block, and an image sensor is provided for detecting at least the light reflected from the convex curved surface.