Abstract: This lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide includes secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles into or from which lithium ions are dopable or dedopable, and satisfies the following conditions: (1) the lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide is represented by Formula (I), Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z-w)CoyMnzMw)1-x]O2??(I) (2) from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a specific ? is calculated for each of the surface of the secondary particle and the inside of the secondary particle, and when the ? value of the surface of the secondary particle is referred to as ?1 and the ? value of the inside of the secondary particle is referred to as ?2, ?1 and ?2 satisfy the condition of Formula (II). 0.3??1/?2?1.

Abstract: A laminated film including: a substrate; and a thin film layer stacked on at least one surface of the substrate, the thin film layer containing silicon atoms, oxygen atoms, and carbon atoms, the thin film layer having at least three extrema, a difference between a maximum value of local maxima and a minimum value of the local maxima of 14 at % or less, and a maximum value of 23 at % to 33 at % in a carbon distribution curve that represents a relationship between a thickness-wise distance in the thin film layer from a surface of the thin film layer and a proportion of the number of carbon atoms (atomic proportion of carbon) to a total number of silicon atoms, oxygen atoms, and carbon atoms contained in the thin film layer at a point positioned away from the surface by the distance, and the thin film layer including at least one discontinuous region that satisfies a relationship of formulae (1) to (3), 3 at %?a?b??(1) 3 at %?b?c??(2) 0.5<(a?c)/dx??(3).

Abstract: A laminated film including: a substrate; and a thin film layer stacked on at least one surface of the substrate, the thin film layer containing silicon atoms, oxygen atoms, and carbon atoms, the thin film layer having at least three extrema, and a difference between a maximum value of local maxima and a minimum value of the local maxima of 14 at % or less in a carbon distribution curve that represents a relationship between a thickness-wise distance in the thin film layer from a surface of the thin film layer and a proportion of the number of carbon atoms (atomic proportion of carbon) to a total number of silicon atoms, oxygen atoms, and carbon atoms contained in the thin film layer at a point positioned away from the surface by the distance, and the thin film layer including at least one discontinuous region that satisfies a relationship of formulae (1) to (3), 3 at %?a?b ??(1) 3 at %?b?c ??(2) 0.5<(a?c)/dx ??(3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a film including a light-emitting semiconductor fine particle (1), a silazane or modified product thereof (2), and a polymerizable compound or polymer (4), in which the film has a sea-island-like phase separation structure, in the sea-island-like phase separation structure, the polymerizable compound or polymer (4) is present in a sea-like hydrophobic region, and the light-emitting semiconductor fine particle (1) and the silazane or modified product thereof (2) are present in an island-like hydrophilic region, and the island-like hydrophilic region has a size of 0.1 ?m to 100 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition including a light-emitting perovskite compound (1) which includes constituent components A, B, and X, and a silazane or modified product thereof (2). The constituent component A indicates a component positioned at each vertex of a hexahedron having the constituent component B at the center in a perovskite type crystal structure and is a monovalent cation, the constituent component X indicates a component positioned at each vertex of an octahedron having the constituent component B at the center in the perovskite type crystal structure and is at least one anion selected from the group consisting of a halide ion and a thiocyanate ion, and the constituent component B indicates a component positioned at the centers of the hexahedron where the constituent component A is disposed at each vertex and the octahedron where the constituent component X is disposed at each vertex in the perovskite type crystal structure and is a metal ion.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries which is able to doped/undoped with lithium ions and contains at least Ni, in which a ratio P/Q (atom %/mass %) of a concentration P (atom %) of sulfur atoms being present in a surface of the positive electrode active material to a concentration Q (mass %) of sulfuric acid radicals being present in the whole positive electrode active material is more than 0.8 and less than 5.0, and the Q (mass %) is 0.01 or more and 2.0 or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the process for preparing a calixarene derivative in which the rotation of its benzene units are hindered and which comprises replacing all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of a calixarene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## and is characterized by conducting the reaction in the presence of an alkaline earth metal. According to the present invention, an asymmetric calixarene derivative having a "cone" conformation can be selectively prepared by virtue of the template effect of the metal.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of performing correct determination of a misfire limit without involving influence by differences between individual internal combustion engines, and thus capable of realizing highly precise lean control. During lean control, a mean deviation MD.sub..lambda.=1 of angular-velocity differences, which has been learned during the adoption of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (i.e., during .lambda.=1) in the relevant internal combustion engine, is subtracted from the current mean deviation MD.sub.L of angular-velocity differences occurring in the engine, so that the fuel injection amount is corrected in accordance with the resultant difference .DELTA.MD, which is attributable to an increase in the risk of misfire. Thus, the mean deviation component MD.sub..lambda.=1 which corresponds to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and which may differ between individual internal combustion engines, is eliminated, and only the component .DELTA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the process for preparing a calixarene derivative in which the rotation of its benzene units are hindered and which comprises replacing all or a part of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of a calixarene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## and is characterized by conducting the reaction in the presence of an alkaline earth metal. According to the present invention, an asymmetric calixarene derivative having a "cone" conformation can be selectively prepared by virtue of the template effect of the metal.

Abstract: A detector for detecting amount of suction air or rotating speed of an internal combustion engine supplies the detection signal to a control circuit, which supplies a drive signal to an air control valve mounted in a suction pipe of the internal combustion engine in accordance with the detection signal from the detector so that an idling rotating speed of the internal combustion engine is increased to a predetermined speed.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a basic fuel injection pulse width is calculated by parameters such as the engine speed and the intake-air quantity. The basic pulse width is compensated for by an integration compensation factor and a learning correction factor so as to obtain a desired air-fuel ratio. A predetermined number of integration compensation factors are sampled at every air-fuel ratio transition, and the mean value thereof is calculated. The learning compensation factor is corrected in accordance with the mean value of the predetermined number of integration compensation factors.

Abstract: The idle speed of an internal combustion engine is controlled in response to a variable ignition timing control signal from a microcomputer. The microcomputer derives this control signal as a function of the magnitude of engine speed variation which occurs during engine idle periods to cause the ignition timing to vary quickly in response to a transitory engine load variation. An auxiliary air delivery system may be advantageously incorporated in the idle speed control system to cooperate with the ignition timing control in response to the engine speed variation.