Abstract: A calibration apparatus for a mass analyzer includes an ion source device and a dual-purpose electron beam generating unit. The ion source device ionizes an analyte of a sample, producing analyte ions. The dual-purpose electron beam generating unit is positioned between the ion source device and the mass analyzer. In a first mode, the dual-purpose electron beam generating unit is used to create fragments of analyte ions of unknown mass-to-charge ratio. In a second mode, the dual-purpose electron beam generating unit is used to create ions of calibration compounds of known mass-to-charge ratio. All ions are subsequently transferred to the mass analyzer.

Abstract: To accurately prepare an operation plan that achieves efficient operation in a hydrogen system. In a hydrogen system operation planning device of an embodiment, an acquisition unit is configured to acquire performance data regarding performance of a plurality of hydrogen production devices and tentative operation plan data regarding a tentative operation plan tentatively prepared for the operation plan. A prediction unit is configured to acquire performance prediction data by predicting the performance of the plurality of hydrogen production devices during the planning target period based on the performance data and tentative operation plan data acquired by the acquisition unit. A planning unit is configured to acquire the operation plan by correcting the tentative operation plan based on the performance prediction data acquired by the prediction of the prediction unit.

Abstract: An ion source ionizes a compound, producing precursor ions with different m/z values. A reagent source supplies charge reducing reagent. An ion guide is positioned between a mass filter and both the ion source and the reagent source. The ion guide applies an AC voltage and DC voltage to its electrodes that creates a pseudopotential to trap the precursor ions in the ion guide below a threshold m/z. This AC voltage, in turn, causes the trapped precursor ions to be charge reduced by the reagent so that m/z values of the trapped precursor ions increase to a single m/z value above the threshold m/z. The ion guide applies the DC voltage to its electrodes relative to a DC voltage applied to electrodes of the mass filter that causes the precursor ions with m/z values increased to the single m/z value to be continuously transmitted to the mass filter.

Abstract: A photodetector device includes an avalanche photodiode array substrate formed from compound semiconductor. A plurality of avalanche photodiodes arranged to operate in a Geiger mode are two-dimensionally arranged on the avalanche photodiode array substrate. A circuit substrate includes a plurality of output units which are connected to each other in parallel to form at least one channel. Each of the output units includes a passive quenching element and a capacitative element. The passive quenching element is connected in series to at least one of the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. The capacitative element is connected in series to at least one of the avalanche photodiodes and is connected in parallel to the passive quenching element.

Abstract: Intensity measurements made by electron multiplier and image-charge detectors are proportional to charge state. These intensities are used to separate detected ions into different data sets and create mass spectra from the different data sets. Ion measurements are separated by charge state using (i) a single electron multiplier detector, (ii) a single image-charge detector, or (iii) multiple electron multiplier ADC detectors. Using (i), the intensity of a peak calculated from each measured pulse is compared to predetermined intensity ranges and each peak is stored in a corresponding data set. Using (ii), each measured transient time-domain signal is converted to frequency-domain peaks, the intensity of each frequency-domain peak is compared to predetermined intensity ranges, and each peak is stored in a corresponding data set. Using (iii), each detector is adapted to measure a predetermined intensity range and store calculated peaks from the measured pulses in corresponding data sets.

Abstract: A photodetector device includes an avalanche photodiode array substrate formed from compound semiconductor. A plurality of avalanche photodiodes arranged to operate in a Geiger mode are two-dimensionally arranged on the avalanche photodiode array substrate. A circuit substrate includes a plurality of output units which are connected to each other in parallel to form at least one channel. Each of the output units includes a passive quenching element and a capacitative element. The passive quenching element is connected in series to at least one of the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. The capacitative element is connected in series to at least one of the avalanche photodiodes and is connected in parallel to the passive quenching element.

Abstract: An ion sequestering apparatus and methods or systems using one or more auxiliary electrodes in an ion reaction instrument having RF electrodes adapted to guide positively-charged precursor ions along a first axis, and an electron source for introduction of an electron beam along a second axis transverse to the first axis such that electron activated dissociation of the precursor ions into reaction products can occur, the auxiliary electrode configured to apply a supplemental AC signal to permit selective extraction of reaction products while sequestering precursor ions along the second central axis. For example, the supplemental AC signal can comprises an notched white noise signal with a notch that suppresses frequencies at which the precursor ions (and/or charge reduced species that have the same molecular mass but have a different charge state) would otherwise be excited.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of performing mass spectrometry is disclosed, which comprises ionizing a plurality of oligonucleotides to generate a plurality of negatively charged oligonucleotide ions, and interacting a plurality of charged reagent ions with the negatively charged oligonucleotide ions to reduce the negative charge state of the negatively charged oligonucleotide ions.

Abstract: A photodetector device includes an avalanche photodiode array substrate. A circuit substrate includes time measurement circuits and a clock driver. Each of the time measurement circuit includes a delay line unit, and is arranged to acquire, from an operation result of a delay line, time information indicating timing at which a pulse signal is input from a corresponding avalanche photodiode. The delay line unit is arranged to initiate an operation of the delay line in response to input of the pulse signal to the time measurement circuit, and to stop the operation of the delay line in response to input of a clock signal from a clock driver to the time measurement circuit, and is arranged to detect a time interval shorter than a cycle of the clock signal by the operation of the delay line.

Abstract: In a light detection device, a circuit substrate includes a plurality of signal processing units which process a detection signal output from a corresponding pixel. Light-receiving regions of a plurality of avalanche photodiodes are two-dimensionally arranged for every pixel. In each of the signal processing units, a timing measurement unit measures timing at which light is incident on a corresponding pixel, based on the detection signal. An energy measurement unit measures energy of light incident on a corresponding pixel, based on the detection signal. A storage unit stores a measurement result in the timing measurement unit and the energy measurement unit. A light detection region where a plurality of the pixels are provided and a signal processing region where a plurality of the signal processing units are provided overlap each other at least at a part.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of performing mass spectrometry is disclosed, which comprises ionizing a sample to generate a plurality of precursor ions, passing the precursor ions through a mass filter to select at least one subset of the ions, introducing the selected ions into a branched radiofrequency (RF) ion trap and subjecting at least a portion of said selected precursor ions to fragmentation within the ion trap so as to generate a first plurality of fragment ions. The method can further include isolating at least a portion of the first plurality of fragment ions in at least one branch of the branched RF ion trap, removing unwanted fragment ions, releasing the remaining ions from said at least one branch and subjecting at least a portion thereof to fragmentation so as to generate a second plurality of fragment ions. Any combination of collision induced dissociation (CID) and electron activation dissociation (EAD) can be employed for fragmenting the ions.

Abstract: A dissociation device fragments a precursor ion, producing at least two different product ions with overlapping m/z values in the dissociation device. The dissociation device applies an AC voltage and a DC voltage creating a pseudopotential that traps ions below a threshold m/z including the at least two product ions. The dissociation device receives a charge reducing reagent that causes the trapped at least two product ions to be charge reduced until their m/z values increase above the threshold m/z set by the AC voltage. The increase in the m/z values of the at least two product ions decreases their overlap. The at least two product ions with increased m/z values are transmitted to another device for subsequent mass analysis by applying the DC voltage to the dissociation device relative to a DC voltage applied to the other device.

Abstract: A separation time of an isomer of one or more isomers of a sialylated glycopeptide of a sample is calculated from a peak of a precursor XIC. Product ion intensities of the first group are summed at the separation time producing a first sum and product ion intensities of the second group are summed at the separation time producing a second sum using XICs of the first and second groups. A ratio of the first sum to the second sum is calculated. The ratio at the separation time is compared to predetermined ratio ranges that each corresponds to a combination of a selection from a set of the first linkage and the second linkage taken one or more times. One or more linkages of the sialic acid to the glycan of the isomer are identified from a combination found to match the ratio in the comparison.

Abstract: In a light detection device, a circuit substrate includes a plurality of signal processing units which process a detection signal output from a corresponding pixel. Light-receiving regions of a plurality of avalanche photodiodes are two-dimensionally arranged for every pixel. In each of the signal processing units, a timing measurement unit measures timing at which light is incident on a corresponding pixel, based on the detection signal. An energy measurement unit measures energy of light incident on a corresponding pixel, based on the detection signal. A storage unit stores a measurement result in the timing measurement unit and the energy measurement unit. A light detection region where a plurality of the pixels are provided and a signal processing region where a plurality of the signal processing units are provided overlap each other at least at a part.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification system including a first exhaust gas treatment section provided upstream in an exhaust pathway of an internal-combustion engine, a second exhaust gas treatment section provided upstream in the exhaust pathway of the internal-combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas purification system allows rhodium element contained in a catalyst layer of the second exhaust gas treatment section to efficiently exhibit the catalytic activity, and the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification system (1) configured to purify exhaust gas emitted from an internal-combustion engine, the exhaust gas purification system (1) including an exhaust gas path (2) through which exhaust gas flows, a first exhaust gas treatment section (3) provided upstream in the exhaust gas path (2), and a second exhaust gas treatment section (4) provided downstream in the exhaust gas path (2); wherein first catalyst layers of the first exhaust gas treatment section

Abstract: An electron-ion interaction module for use in a mass spectrometer, having a plurality of rod sets arranged relative to one another such that said rod sets share a common longitudinal axis and each of said rod sets is longitudinally separated from an adjacent rod set by a gap, each of said rod sets comprising a plurality of rods arranged around said common longitudinal axis. The module further includes at least one magnet disposed around said rod sets so as to at least partially surround one or more of said plurality of rod sets and configured to generate a static magnetic field along said longitudinal axis. The rod sets are configured to receive electrons from an electron source and ions from an ion source within an interaction volume defined by the rods. One or more RF voltage sources coupled to the plurality of rod sets applies voltages to the rods.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst having improved exhaust gas purifying performance (in particular, improved NOx purifying performance) at low to medium temperature, and, in order to achieve the object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst (10A) including: a substrate (20); and a catalyst layer (30 or 40) formed on the substrate (20), wherein the catalyst layer (30 or 40) contains rhodium element, phosphorus element and a rare earth element other than cerium element, wherein a ratio of a mass of the phosphorus element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) is from 1 to 10, and wherein a ratio of a mass of the rare earth element other than cerium element in terms of an oxide thereof contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) is from 1 to 5.

Abstract: Pole electrodes (150) are disclosed for use in an ion reaction apparatus, e.g., an electron induced dissociation cell, to reduce fouling due to polymer build-up and increase the useful lifetime of such electrodes. To reduce fouling, the novel pole electrode designs include a X-shaped aperture (160) in lieu of the conventional central circular aperture. The pole electrodes are particularly useful in systems having a plurality of branched electrodes (152) defining a first axis for controlled passage of charged ions and a transverse axis for passage of an electron beam. The pole electrodes are adapted for disposition between an electron source and the branched electrodes to provide an aperture for passage of an electron beam while also impeding escape of ions and reaction products from the apparatus. The X-shaped aperture eliminates or reduces the portion of the pole electrode surface that is most prone to fouling by polymeric build-up.

Abstract: A dissociation device fragments a precursor ion, producing at least two different product ions with overlapping m/z values in the dissociation device. The dissociation device applies an AC voltage and a DC voltage creating a pseudopotential that traps ions below a threshold m/z including the at least two product ions. The dissociation device receives a charge reducing reagent that causes the trapped at least two product ions to be charge reduced until their m/z values increase above the threshold m/z set by the AC voltage. The increase in the m/z values of the at least two product ions decreases their overlap. The at least two product ions with increased m/z values are transmitted to another device for subsequent mass analysis by applying the DC voltage to the dissociation device relative to a DC voltage applied to the other device.

Abstract: A back-illuminated semiconductor light detecting device includes a light detecting substrate having pixels, and a circuit substrate having signal processing units. For each of the pixels, the light detecting substrate includes avalanche photodiodes respectively having light receiving regions provided in a first main surface side of the semiconductor substrate. In the semiconductor substrate, for each pixel, a trench surrounds at least one region including the light receiving region when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface. The number of signal processing units is larger than the number of light receiving regions in each pixel, and the number of regions surrounded by the trench in each pixel is equal to or less than the number of light receiving regions in the pixel.