Abstract: An amplifying circuit which can provide an output signal having less distortion at high power efficiency without increasing the circuit scale and the sizes of the entire device. The amplifying circuit (100) generates two constant envelope signals from an OFDM signal inputted to an S/P converting section (131), and after amplifying each of the constant envelope signals by two amplifiers (111, 112), respectively, the signals are combined by a combiner (113) and a transmission signal is provided. At this time, a pilot signal generating section (102) adds a pilot signal whose frequency orthogonally intersects with that of an OFDM subcarrier to the two constant envelope signals, extracts a pilot signal from the transmission signal of output, and controls a vector adjusting section (105) so that the gains or the phases of the two systems are equivalent.

Abstract: An array antenna transmission and reception apparatus that is simply configured to make it possible to reduce the size and weight and that separates and extracts respective phase calibration signals from radio signals to be transmitted and radio signals to be received passing through the same path. A directivity coupler (102) is provided with a first connection terminal (201) connected to an antenna element (101), a second connection terminal (202) connected to an antenna duplexer (103), a third connection terminal (203) with directivity toward the first connection terminal (201) and connected to a phase calibration received signal conversion section (111) and a fourth connection terminal (204) with directivity toward the second connection terminal (202) and connected to a phase calibration transmission signal conversion section (110).

Abstract: An array antenna reception apparatus capable of calibrating a received signal with high accuracy without generating unnecessary radiations at an antenna section even when the power level of the received signal is low. In this apparatus, reference signal generation section (123) operates only when the power level of the received signal captured by antenna section (111) is low and a reference signal is generated. Error calculation section (122) compares information (S3) on the received signal multiplexed with the reference signal with calibration signal (S4) to thereby calculate an error of the received signal produced in the received signal due to signal processing at reception unit (110) and instructs received signal processing section (121) to compensate for the received signal based on the calculated error of the received signal.

Abstract: A material for an insulating film which comprises a copolymer obtained by reacting a polyamide having a specific structure and a reactive oligomer as a component forming the film; a coating varnish for an insulating film which comprises this material and an organic solvent; an insulating film which comprises a layer of a resin comprising as a main structure a polybenzoxazole which is obtained by treating the above material or the above coating varnish by heating so that condensation reaction and crosslinking reaction take place and has fine pores; and a semiconductor device which comprises an insulating interlayer film for multi-layer wiring comprising the insulating film and/or a surface protective film comprising the insulating film. Excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties are exhibited and a low permittivity can be achieved.

Abstract: Fundamentals and IM waves comprising distortion signals are detected by vector measurement from an amplified baseband signal. Detected IM waves are related to power and frequency and plotted on the frequency axis. IM waves related to power and frequency are subjected to IFFT processing, and thereby converted so as to be related to time and power. Amplitude and phase components of IM waves subjected to IFFT processing are found. Compensation signal generation information is generated by relating a distortion compensation signal that has amplitude components of inverse amplitude to the amplitude components of IM waves and phase components of inverse phase to the phase components of IM waves to power, and creating a table by storing the generated compensation signal generation information in a compensation table. By this means, the circuit configuration can be made small and simple, processing can be simplified and speeded up, and distortion components can be suppressed with high precision.

Abstract: An MSA feeder circuit (113) that feeds power to an MSA (112) and MSA (112) is disposed on an antenna substrate (106) and a high-output amplifier (102) and low-noise amplifier (103), etc., which are active devices, are mounted on an RF substrate (107). A heat radiation block (111) is interposed between the antenna substrate (106) and the RF substrate (107). An RF-antenna connection section (105) connects an MSA feeder circuit (113) disposed on the antenna substrate (106) and a feed line (109) on the RF substrate (107) through an electromagnetic field using a non-radiation connection slot (108). In this way, even when a device with high output and large power consumption is used, it is possible to provide an active antenna which can suppress deterioration of the characteristic and which can be implemented in a simple configuration and can be downsized.

Abstract: A compensation data table 304 generates baseband signal nonlinear characteristic information. A determination section 305 determines from measured power whether power is on an upward trend or on a downward trend. An IM unbalance compensation computation section 306 generates an unbalance IM characteristic so that an amplitude component and phase component when power is identical differ when power is on an upward trend and when power is on a downward trend, and generates a compensation signal of a compensation characteristic that has an amplitude component and phase component that are symmetrical with the generated unbalance IM characteristic with respect to amplitude component and phase component fixed values when there is a linear characteristic. A complex multiplication section 307 combines the baseband signal with the compensation signal. An amplifier 312 amplifies the baseband signal and also suppresses distortion components generated during amplification by means of the compensation signal.

Abstract: A novel aromatic carboxylic acid useful as a material for macromolecular compounds and, in particular, for polycondensed macromolecular compounds exhibiting excellent heat resistance, an acid halide derivative thereof and a process for producing these compounds are disclosed. The aromatic carboxylic acid and the acid halide derivative thereof have structures represented general formulae (1) and (2), respectively, and can be efficiently produced from a dialkyl ester derivative of isophthalic acid and an acetylene derivative in accordance with the disclosed process comprising specific steps. In the above formulae, A represents: —C?C—R1??(a) or (R1 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aromatic group, R2 represents an alkyl group or an aromatic group) and X represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: A novel aromatic carboxylic acid useful as a material for macromolecular compounds and, in particular, for polycondensed macromolecular compounds exhibiting excellent heat resistance, an acid halide derivative thereof and a process for producing these compounds are disclosed. The aromatic carboxylic acid and the acid halide derivative thereof have structures represented general formulae (1) and (2), respectively, and can be efficiently produced from a dialkyl ester derivative of isophthalic acid and an acetylene derivative in accordance with the disclosed process comprising specific steps.

Abstract: A material for an insulating film which comprises a copolymer obtained by reacting a polyamide having a specific structure and a reactive oligomer as a component forming the film; a coating varnish for an insulating film which comprises this material and an organic solvent; an insulating film which comprises a layer of a resin comprising as a main structure a polybenzoxazole which is obtained by treating the above material or the above coating varnish by heating so that condensation reaction and crosslinking reaction take place and has fine pores; and a semiconductor device which comprises an insulating interlayer film for multi-layer wiring comprising the insulating film and/or a surface protective film comprising the insulating film. Excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties are exhibited and a low permittivity can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of preparing an anti-fouling coating, the method including the steps of soaking polymeric gel beads in the presence of a solution including a solvent and a biocide to swell the gel beads and absorb both the solvent and the biocide therein, evaporating the solvent, rinsing any biocide of the surface of the beads, and mixing the beads in a coating material.

Abstract: A directionality switching antenna apparatus of the present invention is provided with radiator 102 in folded form, folded at a length of predetermined length from a feeding point of ground plane 101, with one end thereof connected to the feeding and with the other end thereof shorted with ground plane 101, a plurality of parasitic elements 103 spaced in the vicinity of radiator 102 each with an element length set to provide the parasitic elements with an electrically symmetrical relation to the center axis of radiator 102, inductors 104 loaded on respective parasitic elements 103, diodes 105 connected to ground plane 101, switching elements 106 that connects in parallel respective inductors 104 and respective diodes 105 between respective parasitic elements 103 and ground plane 101.

Abstract: The present invention provides an insulating material showing excellent thermal propeties and electrical properties in semiconductor applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a material for electrical insulating organic film, superior in electrical properties, thermal properties and low water absorption; an electrical insulating organic film made from the material; and a process for production of the film. That is, the present invention provides an electrical insulating organic film having fine pores, consisting of a layer of a polybenzoxazole resin represented by the following general formula (1): wherein n is an integer of 2 to 1,000; X is a tetravalent organic group; and Y is a bivalent organic group; a material for electrical insulating organic film obtained by mixing a polybenzoxazole precursor or a polybenzoxazole resin, with an oligomer; and a material for electrical insulating organic film, obtained by reacting at least one carboxylic acid terminal of a polybenzoxazole precursor with an amino group- or hydroxyl group-containing oligomer.

Abstract: The antenna apparatus of the present invention places antenna element 302 that transmits or receives electromagnetic waves on basic plate 301, places parasitic antenna elements 303 to 306 on basic plate 301 evenly spaced concentrically centered on antenna element 302, places switch elements 307 to 310 and capacitances 311 to 314 in parallel between one end of each of antenna elements 303 to 306 and said basic plate and disconnects one of switch elements 307 to 310 and connects all the others. In this way, the present invention provides a small and high-gain antenna apparatus with directivity switching capability.

Abstract: The present invention is a microwave power amplifier using a balanced amplifier. The present invention uses one output port of a hybrid power combiner as a port to detect distortion of the amplifier circuit. To eliminate noise superimposed over a normal signal, the detected distortion is fed forward to the normal amplified signal via an adjustment circuit and directional coupler.

Abstract: A Time Division Multiple Access FDD/TDD dual mode system includes a switch having first and second common terminals and first and second terminals. Also included are a TDD demodulation circuit for demodulating a TDD received signal from the first common terminal; a FDD demodulation circuit for demodulating a FDD received signal; and a FDD/TDD modulation circuit for modulating and impressing the modulated signal onto the second common terminal. A FDD transmission band selection circuit is connected to the first terminal, and a TDD transmission-reception band selection circuit is connected to the second terminal. The first common terminal of the switch is connected to the second terminal during TDD reception, whereas the second common terminal is connected to the first terminal during FDD transmission and to the second terminal during TDD transmission.

Abstract: A power amplifier has an input signal splitting part for splitting the input signal into two output signals each having equal power and phase difference of 180 degrees with respect to each other. A first signal on-off selection part for switching conduction of one of the output signals. A first amplifying part for amplifying the signal from the first signal on-off selection part. A second signal on-off selection part for switching conduction of the signal outputted from the first amplifying part. A second amplifying part for amplifying the other of the output signals from the input signal splitting part. An output signal combining part for providing a phase difference of 180 degrees between the output of the second signal on-off selection part and the output of the second amplifying part and combining them.

Abstract: A multiband mobile unit communication apparatus comprises: antennas for receiving plural radio wave SIGs respectively transmitted from plural mobile unit communication systems, the plurality of radio wave SIGs having different carrier frequencies respectively; independent CKTs for generating IF SIGs from the radio wave SIGs from the antennas respectively; and a common CKT including a switch according to a mode SIG, a quadrature demodulation CKT for directly converting the IF SIG from the switch into I and Q baseband SIGs, and a decoding CKT for outputting a decoding result from said I and Q baseband SIGs. In accordance with the mode SIG, power is selectively supplied to the independent CKTs, a switchable FRQ-divider may be provided to FRQ-dividing a LO SIG for the quadrature demodulation CKT, a switchable tuning CKT may be provided to the variable gain amplifying CKT to provide a switchable tuning FRQ, switchable low-pass filters may be provided to switchably low-pass-filter the I and Q baseband SIGs.

Abstract: A receiving mixer device for a mobile radio transceiver which operates with multiple modulation modes and within multiple frequency bands. The receiving mixer includes a plurality of mixers each for converting a received radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency, a common connection part to which output terminals of the mixers are connected in common, a plurality of impedance conversion circuits connected to the common connection part, and output terminals for the impedance conversion circuits. The number of mixers is equal to the number of frequency bands of the received radio frequency signal. The number of the intermediate frequencies is equal to the number of modulation modes of the received radio frequency signal. The number of the impedance conversion circuits is equal to the number of intermediate frequencies, and each of the impedance conversion circuits passes only a single predetermined frequency of the intermediate frequencies used by the device.