Abstract: An LED vehicle lighting apparatus including a fail-safe function can supply a plurality of LEDs connected in series with a requisite voltage that is larger than a supply voltage of a battery. The vehicle lighting apparatus can include a DC-DC convertor and a subsidiary feed circuit. The DC-DC convertor can be configured to supply the LEDs with a substantially constant current by a controller. At least one output of the subsidiary feed circuit is connected to an LED in the LEDs, and a switching element can also be connected between the LED and ground. When the controller has a breakdown or trouble, LEDs between the LED and ground can be directly lighted by the battery in accordance with a signal provided by the controller. Thus, the disclosed subject matter can provide various LED lighting apparatuses including a user friendly fail-safe function.

Abstract: A pallet for packing a glass plate include a base part which is disposed at a bottommost portion, for supporting from below a plurality of glass plates piled one upon another in an upright posture, and has a fork insertion portion for insertion of forks of a forklift. The pallet also has a backside part rising from a rear side of the base part, for supporting the glass plates from a rear thereof, and a pedestal part mounted in engagement with at least one of the base part and the backside part so as to receive bottom side portions of the glass plates, in which a lowermost portion of the pedestal part is set lower than a substantial top surface of the base part.

Abstract: An LED drive circuit of the disclosed subject matter can include an LED unit and a serial circuit connected in parallel therewith. The serial circuit includes a resistor and a positive temperature coefficient resistor having a positive linear temperature coefficient. A voltage across the positive temperature coefficient resistor is fed back to an output control circuit. An output voltage that is PWM-controlled on the basis of a reference voltage set at the output control circuit is used to drive the LED unit.

Abstract: An LED vehicle lighting apparatus including a fail-safe function can supply a plurality of LEDs connected in series with a requisite voltage that is larger than a supply voltage of a battery. The vehicle lighting apparatus can include a DC-DC convertor and a subsidiary feed circuit. The DC-DC convertor can be configured to supply the LEDs with a substantially constant current by a controller. At least one output of the subsidiary feed circuit is connected to an LED in the LEDs, and a switching element can also be connected between the LED and ground. When the controller has a breakdown or trouble, LEDs between the LED and ground can be directly lighted by the battery in accordance with a signal provided by the controller. Thus, the disclosed subject matter can provide various LED lighting apparatuses including a user friendly fail-safe function.

Abstract: An LED lighting apparatus can be configured to supply a number of LEDs connected in series with a requisite voltage and power even if an amount of forward voltage of the LEDs connected in series is larger than a supply voltage of a battery. The LED lighting apparatus can include a boosting circuit and an inverted boosting circuit. LEDs can be connected between outputs of the boosting circuit and the inverted boosting circuit. The LED lighting apparatus can also include a current detection circuit configured to detect an LED current, and can include a dual PWM control IC configured to control the boosting circuit and the inverted boosting circuit in accordance with the LED current detected by the current detection circuit so as to keep the LED current substantially constant. The LED lighting apparatus can include a shutdown circuit to stop supplying a power supply when a load that includes the LEDs is in a circuit that is either opened or shorted.

Abstract: A pallet (2) for packing a glass plate includes: a base part (3) which is disposed at a bottommost portion, for supporting from below a plurality of glass plates (G) piled one upon another in an upright posture, and has a fork insertion portion (6) for insertion of forks of a forklift; a backside part (4) rising from a rear side of the base part (3), for supporting the glass plates (G) from a rear thereof; and a pedestal part (5) mounted in engagement with at least one of the base part (3) and the backside part (4) so as to receive bottom side portions of the glass plates (G), in which a lowermost portion of the pedestal part (5) is set lower than a substantial top surface of the base part (3).

Abstract: An LED lighting apparatus can be configured to supply a number of LEDs connected in series with a requisite voltage and power even if an amount of forward voltage of the LEDs connected in series is larger than a supply voltage of a battery. The LED lighting apparatus can include a boosting circuit and an inverted boosting circuit. LEDs can be connected between outputs of the boosting circuit and the inverted boosting circuit. The LED lighting apparatus can also include a current detection circuit configured to detect an LED current, and can include a dual PWM control IC configured to control the boosting circuit and the inverted boosting circuit in accordance with the LED current detected by the current detection circuit so as to keep the LED current substantially constant. The LED lighting apparatus can include a shutdown circuit to stop supplying a power supply when a load that includes the LEDs is in a circuit that is either opened or shorted.

Abstract: An LED drive circuit of the disclosed subject matter can include an LED unit and a serial circuit connected in parallel therewith. The serial circuit includes a resistor and a positive temperature coefficient resistor having a positive linear temperature coefficient. A voltage across the positive temperature coefficient resistor is fed back to an output control circuit. An output voltage that is PWM-controlled on the basis of a reference voltage set at the output control circuit is used to drive the LED unit.

Abstract: A soldering method in which, out of soldering steps of (a) during soldering, (b) before soldering, and (c) after soldering, in at least the steps of (a) during soldering and (b) before soldering, an alternating current whose frequency temporally changes in a band of 20 Hz-1 MHz is applied to at least any of (d) a solder material, (e) a soldering object, and (f) a peripheral portion thereof, and a modulated electromagnetic wave treatment is carried out by use of an electromagnetic field induced by the alternating current. Thereby, when not only a lead-containing solder material but also a lead-free solder material are used, wettability in soldering to a soldering object is made better, and an obtained soldered article is improved in strength, etc., compared to the conventional solder material.

Abstract: A dielectric antenna duplexer used in a high frequency radio device such as a portable telephone, and a dielectric filter for forming the duplexer of the SIR (stepped impedance resonator) composed by cascade connection of first transmission lines having one end grounded and second transmission lines having one end open and lower in characteristic impedance than in the first transmission lines, first transmission lines and second transmission lines are individually coupled in electromagnetic field, thereby forming an antenna duplexer and a dielectric filter of small insertion loss, high bandwidth selectivity, excellent band pass characteristic, and low cost.

Abstract: A dielectric antenna duplexer used in a high frequency radio device such as a portable telephone, and a dielectric filter for forming the duplexer of the SIR (stepped impedance resonator) composed by cascade connection of first transmission lines having one end grounded and second transmission lines having one end open and lower in characteristic impedance than in the first transmission lines, first transmission lines and second transmission lines are individually coupled in electromagnetic field, thereby forming an antenna duplexer and a dielectric filter of small insertion loss, high bandwidth selectivity, excellent band pass characteristic, and low cost.

Abstract: A dielectric filter is made of a dielectric material and includes a molded member of a pillar shape which has a hole formed from the top surface thereof toward the inside, an inner electrode formed so as to cover the inner circumferential surface of the hole; an outer electrode provided so as to cover the outer surface of the molded member except a prescribed region, and a coupling electrode provided at least in a portion of the prescribed region. An electrode area of a region of the inner electrode which faces against the coupling electrode is adjusted, thereby adjusting the coupling capacitance which is formed between the inner electrode and the coupling electrode.

Abstract: A dielectric antenna duplexer used in a high frequency radio device such as a portable telephone, and a dielectric filter for forming the duplexer of the SIR (stepped impedance resonator) composed by cascade connection of first transmission lines having one end grounded and second transmission lines having one end open and lower in characteristic impedance than in the first transmission lines, first transmission lines and second transmission lines are individually coupled in electromagnetic field, thereby forming an antenna duplexer and a dielectric filter of small insertion loss, high bandwidth selectivity, excellent band pass characteristic, and low cost.

Abstract: A small and thin plane type narrow-band dielectric filter to be used for a portable telephone and the like, includes a plurality of end short-circuited strip line resonators having a length of about quarter-wavelength formed parallel and closely to each other on a first dielectric substrate and directly magnetically coupled to each other. The thus formed strip line resonators are partially bonded to parallel plane capacitor electrodes formed on a second dielectric substrate in respective overlapping areas thereby electrically coupling the strip line resonators through the parallel plane capacitors, so that the inter-resonator coupling can be reduced due to the fact that it is achieved in combination with the magnetic coupling and the electrical coupling.

Abstract: A small and thin plane type narrow-band dielectric filter to be used for a portable telephone and the like, includes a plurality of end short-circuited strip line resonators having a length of about quarter-wavelength formed parallel and closely to each other on a first dielectric substrate and directly magnetically coupled to each other. The thus formed strip line resonators are partially bonded to parallel plane capacitor electrodes formed on a second dielectric substrate in respective overlapping areas thereby electrically coupling the strip line resonators through the parallel plane capacitors, so that the inter-resonator coupling can be reduced due to the fact that it is achieved in combination with the magnetic coupling and the electrical coupling.

Abstract: This invention offers a compact and high performance dielectric filter consisting of a quarter wavelength dielectric body provided with a through-hole between the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric body, electrodes deposited on external and lower surfaces of the dielectric body, and at least two independent electrodes provided on an internal surface of the through-hole, extending to the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric body. With this dielectric filter construction, the through-hole performs the role of constructing plural quarter wavelength resonators and performs, at the same time, the role of adjusting the coupling between the plural resonators, thus yielding a compact dielectric filter of simple construction.

Abstract: On an upper surface of a substrate (20) a band-pass filter (29) is provided, and on the opposite (lower) surface of a substrate (20) a low-pass filter comprising a conductive layer pattern (27) and capacitors (22,23) is provided, wherein a conductive layers (27) are provided on substantially the entire area of the upper surface excluding portions for terminals and on the lower surface excluding portions for the low-pass filter and the terminals, and by connecting both conductive layers by means of a row of through-hole connections, the input terminal (24) and the output terminal (25) are shielded from each other.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of granules containing a high concentration of a viscous substance, which granules are free-flowing and are not likely to cake or agglomerate under normal storage conditions, characterized by the steps of incorporating in a viscous substance selected from the group consisting of higher alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and which are soft or molten or liquid at a temperature lower than 40.degree. C., and non-ionic surfactants having the formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## andR.sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m H (II)wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sub.