Abstract: A gas separation and recovery method is provided. Based on the fact that a gas adsorbent has differing adsorption and desorption characteristics depending on the affinities and pressures of gas species, and gases of different species are desorbed at different timings, a target gas component is separated and recovered from a source gas by a pressure swing adsorption process in such a manner that a desorption step is divided into, for example, two time periods and desorbed gases are recovered separately in the respective time periods. In this manner, when gas 1 and gas 2 having different desorption timings are adsorbed to an adsorbent, a gas rich in gas 1, and a gas rich in gas 2 may be recovered separately from each other. Thus, it becomes possible to separate and recover selectively a target gas component with high concentration.

Abstract: A gas separation and recovery method is provided. Based on the fact that a gas adsorbent has differing adsorption and desorption characteristics depending on the affinities and pressures of gas species, and gases of different species are desorbed at different timings, a target gas component is separated and recovered from a source gas by a pressure swing adsorption process in such a manner that a desorption step is divided into, for example, two time periods and desorbed gases are recovered separately in the respective time periods. In this manner, when gas 1 and gas 2 having different desorption timings are adsorbed to an adsorbent, a gas rich in gas 1, and a gas rich in gas 2 may be recovered separately from each other. Thus, it becomes possible to separate and recover selectively a target gas component with high concentration.

Abstract: A preform having edges overlapped and jointed, two outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members for forming reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the hydroformed product, including a joint formed by, when more than three sheet materials for forming the outer members and the reinforcement members are overlapped together, welding a first sheet material on a surface of the overlapped sheet materials to a second sheet material positioned inside the first sheet material, and a space disposed and aligned with a joint plane between the second sheet material and a third sheet material located inside the second sheet material during the welding process.

Abstract: A preform having edges overlapped and jointed, two outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members for forming reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the hydroformed product, including a joint formed by, when more than three sheet materials for forming the outer members and the reinforcement members are overlapped together, welding a first sheet material on a surface of the overlapped sheet materials to a second sheet material positioned inside the first sheet material, and a space disposed and aligned with a joint plane between the second sheet material and a third sheet material located inside the second sheet material during the welding process.

Abstract: A preform having edges overlapped and jointed, two outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members for forming reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the hydroformed product, including a joint formed by, when more than three sheet materials for forming the outer members and the reinforcement members are overlapped together, welding a first sheet material on a surface of the overlapped sheet materials to a second sheet material positioned inside the first sheet material, and a space disposed and aligned with a joint plane between the second sheet material and a third sheet material located inside the second sheet material during the welding process.

Abstract: A preform with edges overlapped and jointed each other and first and second outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members that are jointed to the first and second outer members to form reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the outer surfaces, the reinforcement members having dimensions capable of suppressing elongation in a tensile direction due to a tensile force that develops during hydroforming.

Abstract: A preform with edges overlapped and jointed each other and first and second outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members that are jointed to the first and second outer members to form reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the outer surfaces, the reinforcement members having dimensions capable of suppressing elongation in a tensile direction due to a tensile force that develops during hydroforming.

Abstract: A preform with edges overlapped and jointed each other and first and second outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members that are jointed to the first and second outer members to form reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the outer surfaces, the reinforcement members having dimensions capable of suppressing elongation in a tensile direction due to a tensile force that develops during hydroforming.

Abstract: A preform including first and second outer members having peripheral borders overlapped and jointed for forming outer surfaces of a hollow section of a hydroformed product, and a reinforcement member disposed between the first and second outer members for forming a partition wall that substantially divides the hollow section. The outer members have sidewalls inclined relative to an overlapping surface of the first and second outer members, and summit parts surrounded by the sidewalls. The reinforcement member has one and the other ends jointed to areas which are to form the summit parts of the first and second outer members, and lateral edges which face peripheral areas of the first and second outer members which are to form the sidewalls.

Abstract: A preform having edges overlapped and jointed, two outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members for forming reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the hydroformed product, including a joint formed by, when more than three sheet materials for forming the outer members and the reinforcement members are overlapped together, welding a first sheet material on a surface of the overlapped sheet materials to a second sheet material positioned inside the first sheet material, and a space disposed and aligned with a joint plane between the second sheet material and a third sheet material located inside the second sheet material during the welding process.

Abstract: A preform with edges overlapped and jointed each other and first and second outer members for forming outer surfaces of a hydroformed product, and reinforcement members that are jointed to the first and second outer members to form reinforcement ribs that divide a hollow cross section of the outer surfaces, the reinforcement members having dimensions capable of suppressing elongation in a tensile direction due to a tensile force that develops during hydroforming.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid is constituted by using a dispersed phase of a carbonaceous powder having an oxygen content above 10% by weight but not more than 20% by weight and having an average particle diameter of 0.01-100 .mu.m, obtained by:heat-polymerizing a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound containing a main component of naphthalene by using HF/BF.sub.3 as a catalyst to obtain a 100% meso-phase pitch having a softening point within a range of 150.degree.-400.degree. C.;heat-treating and making the pitch infusible in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature not more than a fusing temperature of the pitch and not less than 50.degree. C. but not more than 400.degree. C. to allow the pitch to have an oxygen content of 12-25% by weight; and thenheat-treating and carbonizing the pitch in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature not less than 300.degree. C. but not more than 700.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbonaceous powder which can be used as dielectric fine particles to be dispersed in an insulating oil to produce an electrorheological fluid is provided. The method comprises the steps of subjecting a starting organic material selected from the group consisting of coal, coal tar, coal tar pitch, liquefied coal, coke, petroleum, petroleum tar, petroleum pitch, and resins to a heat treatment at a maximum temperature of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. to produce carbonaceous material; pulverizing and classifying the material to produce carbonaceous particles having a mean particle size of 0.5 to 40 .mu.m and a maximum particle size of up to 50 .mu.m; and subjecting the particles to an additional treatment at an elevated temperature and/or a reduced pressure, said additional treatment being carried out at a temperature lower than said maximum temperature of the heat treatment. The resulting carbonaceous powder may optionally be subjected to a further pulverization treatment.