Abstract: The present invention provides a charged particle beam device in which signal electrons (14) are generated from a sample when the sample (11) is irradiated with a primary charged particle beam (3), and then enter different positions of a position-sensitive signal detector (16) in accordance with energy of the signal electrons (14), whereby an energy distribution image of the signal electrons generated from the sample is acquired. Accordingly, it becomes possible to discriminate and select signal electrons having arbitrary energy to thereby obtain an image to which information specific to the arbitrary energy is reflected, and to acquire various characteristic information of the sample.

Abstract: There is provided a method executed in a cluster system comprising a first computer and at least one second computer that stores the data transmitted from the first computer. The method comprising the steps of: judging whether the failure-occurred processing is restarted by the first computer or the failure-occurred processing is switched over by the second computer based on the system information; receiving the stored data from the second computer and re-executing the processing in which the failure has occurred by the first computer, in the case of which it is judged that the processing in which the failure has occurred is restarted by the first computer; and executing, by the second computer, the processing in which the failure has occurred, in the case of which it is judged that the processing in which the failure has occurred is switched over by the at least one second computer.

Abstract: First rotator (25) and second rotator (29) rotating according to a rocking operation of outer lever (23) are provided. Magnetism of magnets (26) and (30) mounted on these rotators are detected by magnetic detecting elements (32) and (33) and output as a detected signal. Control portion (34) detects a rotation angle of each rotator from this detected signal and outputs an operation signal corresponding to the detected rotation angle.

Abstract: Grooves as ball rolling grooves are formed in a side peripheral wall of a preparatory formed body that is to be an inner member. A recess opened so as to be continuous to curved bottom sections of the grooves, which face a through-hole, is formed in one end surface of the preparatory formed body. In carburizing, carburizing gas entering into space between the through-hole and a support shaft member flows through the recess after coming into contact with inner teeth, and is then discharged to the outside of the preparatory formed body via the curved bottom sections of the grooves. On the contrary, the carburizing gas having been in contact with the curved bottom sections of the grooves flows through the recess to come to be in contact with the inner teeth and is then discharged through the space.

Abstract: An electron beam device includes an electron gun section having an internal space kept at an ultrahigh vacuum level for generating a primary electron beam, a mirror section having an internal space kept at a vacuum level lower than that of the electron gun section for scanning a specimen with an electron probe of the primary electron beam generated in the electron gun section and focused on the specimen, a differential exhaust diaphragm for providing communication in internal space between the electron gun section and the mirror section and passing the primary electron beam, and a control section for controlling respective constituent elements in the electron beam device. A diaphragm mechanism having a plurality of different diaphragm aperture diameters is provided between a second anode and a first condenser lens.

Abstract: There is provided a method executed in a cluster system comprising a first computer and at least one second computer that stores the data transmitted from the first computer. The method comprising the steps of: judging whether the failure-occurred processing is restarted by the first computer or the failure-occurred processing is switched over by the second computer based on the system information; receiving the stored data from the second computer and re-executing the processing in which the failure has occurred by the first computer, in the case of which it is judged that the processing in which the failure has occurred is restarted by the first computer; and executing, by the second computer, the processing in which the failure has occurred, in the case of which it is judged that the processing in which the failure has occurred is switched over by the at least one second computer.

Abstract: First rotator (25) and second rotator (29) rotating according to a rocking operation of outer lever (23) are provided. Magnetism of magnets (26) and (30) mounted on these rotators are detected by magnetic detecting elements (32) and (33) and output as a detected signal. Control portion (34) detects a rotation angle of each rotator from this detected signal and outputs an operation signal corresponding to the detected rotation angle.

Abstract: Grooves as ball rolling grooves are formed in a side peripheral wall of a preparatory formed body that is to be an inner member. A recess opened so as to be continuous to curved bottom sections of the grooves, which face a through-hole, is formed in one end surface of the preparatory formed body. In carburizing, carburizing gas entering into space between the through-hole and a support shaft member flows through the recess after coming into contact with inner teeth, and is then discharged to the outside of the preparatory formed body via the curved bottom sections of the grooves. On the contrary, the carburizing gas having been in contact with the curved bottom sections of the grooves flows through the recess to come to be in contact with the inner teeth and is then discharged through the space.

Abstract: An electron beam device includes an electron gun section having an internal space kept at an ultrahigh vacuum level for generating a primary electron beam, a mirror section having an internal space kept at a vacuum level lower than that of the electron gun section for scanning a specimen with an electron probe of the primary electron beam generated in the electron gun section and focused on the specimen, a differential exhaust diaphragm for providing communication in internal space between the electron gun section and the mirror section and passing the primary electron beam, and a control section for controlling respective constituent elements in the electron beam device. A diaphragm mechanism having a plurality of different diaphragm aperture diameters is provided between a second anode and a first condenser lens.

Abstract: An operative body is provided at one end of an arm attached behind a steering wheel. The arm protrudes from the outer periphery of the steering wheel. The operative body has a plurality of operative buttons. Such a structure enables various kinds of operation, and provides a vehicle switch assembly easily operable by extending a finger for manipulation only, while grasping the steering wheel with the hands.

Abstract: An operative body is provided at one end of an arm attached behind a steering wheel. The arm protrudes from the outer periphery of the steering wheel. The operative body has a plurality of operative buttons. Such a structure enables various kinds of operation, and provides a vehicle switch assembly easily operable by extending a finger for manipulation only, while grasping the steering wheel with the hands.

Abstract: A switch apparatus, including: a substantially box-like case; a cylinder section; a lever; a substantially cylindrical columnar support; an engagement convex section; an engagement concave section; and a press-in section. The cylinder section is provided at a substantial center of the case and has at an inner circumference thereof a reception section. The lever is attached to the case and is pivoted and operated to provide an electric connection of switch contacts provided in the case. The columnar support is inserted to the cylinder section and has one end that is abutted with the reception section. The engagement convex section is provided at one of the reception section and the columnar support and the engagement concave section is provided at the other. The press-in section is provided at one of the engagement convex section or the engagement concave section. The engagement convex section is pressed-in to and engaged with the engagement concave section via the press-in section.

Abstract: A switch apparatus, including: a substantially box-like case; a cylinder section; a lever; a substantially cylindrical columnar support; an engagement convex section; an engagement concave section; and a press-in section. The cylinder section is provided at a substantial center of the case and has at an inner circumference thereof a reception section. The lever is attached to the case and is pivoted and operated to provide an electric connection of switch contacts provided in the case. The columnar support is inserted to the cylinder section and has one end that is abutted with the reception section. The engagement convex section is provided at one of the reception section and the columnar support and the engagement concave section is provided at the other. The press-in section is provided at one of the engagement convex section or the engagement concave section. The engagement convex section is pressed-in to and engaged with the engagement concave section via the press-in section.

Abstract: A lever switch has a housing with an opening, a slider slidably accommodated in the housing, and a lever engaged with the slider for causing sliding of the slider and projecting from the housing via the opening. A cover is mounted to the housing to cover the opening. A knob is mounted to and surrounds the lever and has a base end portion that faces the cover and through which the lever extends. One of the cover and the base end portion of the knob is convex, and the other is concave so that the cover and base end portion of the knob have generally mutually complementary shapes facing each other.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element comprising a valve-acting metal substrate having on the surface thereof a dielectric film and a solid electrolytic layer provided on the dielectric film, the capacitor element provided with lead wires (lead frames), in which the bonding structure between the capacitor element and the lead frames is improved. The solid electrolytic capacitor has high strength at the bonded portion between the capacitor element and the lead frames and has excellent heat resistance and is highly reliable. Also, a method for manufacturing such a solid electrolytic capacitor is disclosed.

Abstract: A cover is provided to an opening of a housing of a lever switch. One of a side face or an opening of a knob opposite to the side face is protruded like a cup and the remaining one is recessed like a cup, so that a lever switch is constructed. This structure does not allow an operator of the lever to see inside of the housing, cover and knob or a lead-wire running through those elements. A good looking lever switch is thus obtainable.

Abstract: In a rotation-angle detector, a first detector detects a movement of a driven body following the rotation of a change gear engaged with a rotary gear of a rotary body, and outputs the detection result as a detection signal which gradually increases or decreases. At the same time, a second detector detects a rotation of a detecting gear engaged with the change gear or directly with the rotary gear of the rotary body and outputs the detection result as a detection signal which repeats continuously. A detecting circuit detects a rotation angle of the rotary body based on these two detection signals. This structure allows the rotation-angle detector to produce a smaller detection error, and be downsized. Further, only a simple calculation in the detecting circuit is necessary.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor having a structure that relieves thermal stress, prevents leakage current, exhibits low impedance and ensures high reliability. The solid electrolytic capacitor element has a valve-acting metal substrate with a dielectric film and an edge part acting as an anode, an insulating layer circumferentially provided on the substrate, a solid electrolyte layer and an electrically conducting layer having a carbon paste layer and a metal powder-containing electrically conducting layer formed in this order on the entire substrate surface opposite to the anode with respect to the insulating layer and acting as a cathode. The electrically conducting layer is provided within a region of the carbon paste layer or with a spacing from the cathode side edge part of the insulating layer. The present invention also provides a method for producing the element, and a solid electrolytic capacitor using the element.

Abstract: In a rotation-angle detector, a first detector detects a movement of a driven body following a rotation of a change gear engaged with a rotary gear of a rotary body, and outputs the detection result as a detection signal which gradually increases or decreases. At the same time, a second detector detects a rotation of a detecting gear engaged with the change gear, and outputs the detection result as a detection signal which repeats continuously. A detecting circuit detects a rotation angle of a rotary body based on these two detection signals. This structure allows the rotation-angle detector to produce a smaller detection error, and be downsized. Further, a simple calculation in the detecting circuit is achievable.

Abstract: A valve system for an engine including a valve resting mechanism provided between an engine valve and a valve lifter supported by a cylinder head. The valve resting mechanism can place the engine valve into a resting state. The valve resting mechanism has a pin holder which includes a sliding hole having an axis perpendicular to the axis of a valve lifter, and an insertion hole for allowing a valve stem to pass therethrough. The pin holder is slidably fitted in the valve lifter. A slide pin is slidably fitted in the sliding hole, with a hydraulic force and a spring force applied to both ends of the slide pin. A containing hole is coaxially connectable to the insertion hole, and a rotation stopping means for stopping axial rotation of the slide pin is provided between the pin holder and the slide pin.