Abstract: The base of a conventional bookstand on which to support a book is a rectangular base having an area substantially as large as an opened book whereas the invention employs a method of placing a book on a crisscross form defined by a horizontal base and a vertical base crossing each other. The horizontal and vertical bases are in the form of elongated rectangles of substantially the same size, and the vertical base placed on the horizontal base is supported for slide turning movement around a support shaft of the horizontal base. On the right and left sides of the horizontal base, the right and left side pages of a book are held down by transparent page binders having guide rods slidable in guide grooves formed inside the horizontal base. An opening/closing stand is provided on the back surface of the horizontal base. The bookstand of the invention has the four parts laminatable in the plane of the horizontal base so as to reduce the size.

Abstract: A scanning optical system includes a light source including a multi-mode laser diode that emits a laser beam, and a polygonal mirror that deflects the laser beam emitted by the light source. An f? lens converges the laser beam deflected by the polygonal mirror on an object to be scanned. The f? lens includes at least one refractive lens and a diffractive lens structure formed on at least one surface of the at least one refractive lens, the diffractive lens structure being configured to compensate for chromatic aberrations provided by a refractive lens structure of the f? lens.

Abstract: A scanning optical system has a scanning optical apparatus, which is provided with a laser diode, a collimating lens that collimates a laser beam emitted by the laser diode, a support member that holds and supports the laser diode and the collimating lens, a deflection member that dynamically deflects the laser beam collimated by the collimating lens in a main scanning direction, and a plastic scanning lens that converges the deflected laser beam onto a target surface. The scanning optical apparatus is configured to satisfy following conditions: 10 < f fc < 20 ; and fc · nc > t > fc ? ( nc nc + 1 ) , where, f denotes a focal length of the scanning lens in the main scanning direction, fc denotes a focal length of the collimating lens, nc denotes a refractive index of the collimating lens, and t denotes a thickness of the collimating lens along an optical axis.

Abstract: There is provided a scanning optical system for emitting a plurality of beams scanning in a main scanning direction. The scanning optical system includes a first and a second light emitting devices each of which has a linear array of light emitting points. The first and second light emitting devices are positioned such that the linear array of light emitting points of each of the first and second light emitting devices is aligned in parallel with an auxiliary scanning direction and that the beam spots formed by the plurality of beams emitted by the first light emitting device and the beam spots formed by the plurality of beams emitted by the second light emitting devices are alternately arranged on a scan target surface in the auxiliary scanning direction.

Abstract: There is provided a reflective scanning optical system, which includes a light source unit for emitting a beam, a polygon mirror, and a single f? optical element. Magnification mz of the f? optical element in an auxiliary scanning direction is set to satisfy: ?4<mz<?2 . . . (1). The light source unit is set so that a central axis of the beam incident upon the polygon mirror from the light source unit will be in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the polygon mirror and out of an effective scan range of the beam dynamically deflected by the polygon mirror in regard to a main scanning direction. Each reflecting surface of the polygon mirror and the scan target surface are optically conjugate with each other in regard to the auxiliary scanning direction. The beam incident upon the first surface of the f? optical element and the beam emerging from the first surface are separated from each other in the auxiliary scanning direction.

Abstract: An scanning optical system includes a light source having a plurality of light emitting points each of which emits a beam, a first optical system that collimates the beams emitted by the light emitting points in regard to a main scanning direction while converging the beams in an auxiliary scanning direction, a deflecting system that dynamically deflects the beams simultaneously in the main scanning direction, and a second optical system that converges the deflected beams on the scan target surface. Further, the second optical system includes a magnification adjustment element whose magnification mS in the main scanning direction on an optical axis thereof is approximately +1 and whose magnification mP in the auxiliary scanning direction on the optical axis thereof is approximately ?1.

Abstract: A vane unit wherein vanes (3) are supported by bearings (2) on both sides of a rectangular parallelepipedic frame (1) and the end of a vane shaft (4) is formed with a recessed or raised meshing tooth (5). Vane units (6) are connected together horizontally and vertically to constitute a combination windmill (7), and placed in the middle of a float (8) in the ocean. The float is moored at a portion thereof located forwardly of the middle to a pole fixed to a chain or to the seabed.

Abstract: In a reflective scanning optical system employing an imaging optical system having a curved mirror with a rotationally symmetrical reflecting surface configuration, the change in magnification of the imaging optical system in the auxiliary scanning direction is reduced and thereby the beam spot diameter on the scan target surface is equalized, as well as equalizing the scan line interval on the scan target surface when the system is applied to a multibeam scanning optical system. The imaging optical system of the reflective scanning optical system includes a curved mirror with a rotationally symmetrical reflecting surface and a lens having an anamorphic lens surface configuration on its one side. In the anamorphic lens surface configuration, slope and curvature of the line of intersection of the lens surface and a plane parallel to the auxiliary scanning cross section change independently of each other as the position in the main scanning direction changes.

Abstract: Laser beams emitted from a plurality of light emitting points of a light source unit are converged by a first optical system to be focused in an auxiliary scanning direction in the vicinity of a reflecting surface of a polygon mirror, dynamically deflected by the polygon mirror, and converged by a second optical system to form scan lines on a scan target surface. The first optical system includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses, in which a second cylindrical lens is attached to a holder so as to be movable in the optical axis direction and is selectively stopped at two positions that satisfy a particular relationship. By the composition, the interval between the scan lines on the scan target surface measured in the auxiliary scanning direction can be switched correctly and with extreme ease in the multibeam optical system, without the need of using a movement control mechanism composed of high precision parts.

Abstract: A scanning optical system includes a polygonal mirror that deflects the even number of beams, which are incident thereon along optical paths arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to a rotation axis thereof. An imaging optical system for converging the beams includes lenses for converging the beam, in an auxiliary scanning direction, respectively. The lenses have the same shapes, and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane. The orientation of the lenses on one side of the plane is oriented oppositely, in the auxiliary scanning direction, to the other lenses located on the other side of the plane.

Abstract: A scanning optical system includes a polygonal mirror that deflects the even number of beams, which are incident thereon along optical paths arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to a rotation axis thereof. An imaging optical system for converging the beams includes lenses for converging the beam, in an auxiliary scanning direction, respectively. The lenses have the same shapes, and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane. The orientation of the lenses on one side of the plane is oriented oppositely, in the auxiliary scanning direction, to the other lenses located on the other side of the plane.

Abstract: Laser beams emitted from a plurality of light emitting points of a light source unit are converged by a first optical system to be focused in an auxiliary scanning direction in the vicinity of a reflecting surface of a polygon mirror, dynamically deflected by the polygon mirror, and converged by a second optical system to form scan lines on a scan target surface. The first optical system includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses, in which a second cylindrical lens is attached to a holder so as to be movable in the optical axis direction and is selectively stopped at two positions that satisfy a particular relationship. By the composition, the interval between the scan lines on the scan target surface measured in the auxiliary scanning direction can be switched correctly and with extreme ease in the multibeam optical system, without the need of using a movement control mechanism composed of high precision parts.

Abstract: A multi-beam scanning optical system is provided with a plurality of light sources that emit a plurality of laser beams having different wavelengths, respectively, a single deflector which deflects the plurality of laser beams simultaneously, an imaging optical system that converges the plurality of laser beams deflected by the single deflector on the surface to be scanned, lateral chromatic aberration of the imaging optical system being compensated, and a beam detector that receives the plurality of laser beams directed to outside the predetermined imaging area, a synchronizing signal being generated upon detection of each of the plurality of light beams by the beam detector. Further, the scanning optical system includes a dispersion element inserted in optical paths of the laser beams directed to the beam detector, the dispersion element being configured such that the laser beams directed to the beam detector are shifted in the scanning direction.

Abstract: There is provided a scanning optical system for emitting a plurality of beams scanning in a main scanning direction. The scanning optical system includes a first and a second light emitting devices each of which has a linear array of light emitting points. The first and second light emitting devices are positioned such that the linear array of light emitting points of each of the first and second light emitting devices is aligned in parallel with an auxiliary scanning direction and that the beam spots formed by the plurality of beams emitted by the first light emitting device and the beam spots formed by the plurality of beams emitted by the second light emitting devices are alternately arranged on a scan target surface in the auxiliary scanning direction.

Abstract: There is provided a scanning optical system, which is provided with a light source, a cylindrical lens that converges the beam emitted by the light source in an auxiliary scanning direction, a polygonal mirror, and an optical element that has a reflection surface to reflect the beam deflected by the polygonal mirror. The optical element converges the beam deflected by the polygonal mirror on the surface to be scanned to form a beam spot. In this case, the cylindrical lens is arranged such that the beam, which enters into the cylindrical lens and exits from the cylindrical lens without being reflected by inner surfaces of the cylindrical lens, is deflected in the auxiliary scanning direction by the cylindrical lens and is incident on the polygonal mirror.

Abstract: A turbine suitable for use for low-power cogeneration or as a power generator of electric automobiles, the turbine being characterized in that a vane (1) curved in section and having a nozzle (2) somewhere in the inner side is constructed to extend along the axis of a hollow vane shaft (3), wherein the fluid fed from the vane shaft end into the vane shaft is spouted through the nozzle (2) against the inner side of the vane and is rotated.

Abstract: A scanning optical system includes a light source that emits a plurality of beams, a deflector disposed on optical paths of the beams emitted from light source, which deflector deflects the beams toward an object surface so that beam spots formed by the beams scan on the object surface in a main scanning direction, and a birefringent double-image member disposed on the optical paths of the beams. The birefringent double-image member splits each of the beams passing therethrough into an ordinary ray and an extraordinary ray that is displaced from the ordinary ray in an auxiliary scanning direction and travels in a vicinity of the ordinary ray. Note that the auxiliary scanning direction is a direction perpendicular to the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A laser beam emitted by a light source is incident on one of reflecting surfaces of a polygon mirror. The laser beam reflected by the reflecting surface is dynamically deflected in a main scanning direction due to the revolution of the polygon mirror and enters a scanning lens.

Abstract: Provided is a game screen display controlling method comprising the steps of displaying a first game screen obtained from a first projection of a virtual 3-D space; comparing the priority of the first projection with the priority of a second projection correlated with a predetermined area when there is a predetermined positional relationship between a character who moves in the virtual 3-D space and the predetermined area set within the virtual 3-D space; and displaying a second game screen obtained from the second projection of the virtual 3-D space when the priority of the second projection is higher than the priority of the first projection. Thereby, the invention allows game pictures for effectively rendering the virtual 3-D space to be presented corresponding to the situation of the game.

Abstract: A game execution method and game equipment are disclosed. A control means is provided to control the execution of a game program. Information related to a player is employed among a plurality of application programs to control displayed images of a character etc. according to the player's behavior or property. During the execution of the first application program, a player data corresponding to player's input operation is stored into a memory. The player data is then updated according to a player's input operation while the second application program different from the first program is being executed. Also, the player data having been updated by the first program may be updated corresponding to a player's further input operation during the execution of the first program.