Abstract: Disclosed is an engine piston structure including an outer peripheral portion (6) formed along an outer shape of a piston (1), and having a predetermined thickness, a pair of piston pin supporters (7) having peripheral walls (7b) having a predetermined thickness, and couplers (8) each coupling the pair of the piston pin supporters (7) to the outer peripheral portion (6). The outer peripheral portion (6) and the peripheral walls (7b) of the piston pin supporters (7) are solid. Each of the coupler (8) is porous. The outer peripheral portion (6), the piston pin supporters (7), and the couplers (8) are made of a metal material and are integrally formed together.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to, while forming a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body, prevent generation of large cracks on the heat insulating layer and suppress damages and peeling of the heat insulating layer. To achieve this object, in the present invention, pressure is applied to a heat insulating layer provided on a top surface of a piston main body, that is, a pressing stress is applied to the heat insulating layer in advance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to, while forming a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body, prevent generation of large cracks on the heat insulating layer and suppress damages and peeling of the heat insulating layer. To achieve this object, in the present invention, a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body is made thinner than a heat insulating layer on a cavity surface of the top surface of the piston main body.

Abstract: Disclosed is an engine piston structure including an outer peripheral portion (6) formed along an outer shape of a piston (1), and having a predetermined thickness, a pair of piston pin supporters (7) having peripheral walls (7b) having a predetermined thickness, and couplers (8) each coupling the pair of the piston pin supporters (7) to the outer peripheral portion (6). The outer peripheral portion (6) and the peripheral walls (7b) of the piston pin supporters (7) are solid. Each of the coupler (8) is porous. The outer peripheral portion (6), the piston pin supporters (7), and the couplers (8) are made of a metal material and are integrally formed together.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to, while forming a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body, prevent generation of large cracks on the heat insulating layer and suppress damages and peeling of the heat insulating layer. To achieve this object, in the present invention, a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body is made thinner than a heat insulating layer on a cavity surface of the top surface of the piston main body.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to, while forming a heat insulating layer on a squish area surface of a top surface of a piston main body, prevent generation of large cracks on the heat insulating layer and suppress damages and peeling of the heat insulating layer. To achieve this object, in the present invention, pressure is applied to a heat insulating layer provided on a top surface of a piston main body, that is, a pressing stress is applied to the heat insulating layer in advance.

Abstract: A direct injection engine includes an ignition assistance section applying energy to fuel injected into a cylinder using an injector to assist auto-ignition combustion of the fuel when the engine is within an auto-ignition combustion operation range. A start time of fuel injection is set within a period from a terminal stage of a compression stroke to a compression top dead center. The energy is applied to the fuel injected into the cylinder in a period from start of the fuel injection to an initial stage of an expansion stroke such that a time of a specific crank angle when an increase rate of in-cylinder pressure, which is a ratio of a change in the in-cylinder pressure to a change in a crank angle in motoring the engine, reaches a negative maximum value overlaps a combustion period when a combustion mass percentage of the fuel ranges from 10% to 90%.

Abstract: A direct injection engine includes an ignition assistance section applying energy to fuel injected into a cylinder using an injector to assist auto-ignition combustion of the fuel when the engine is within an auto-ignition combustion operation range. A start time of fuel injection is set within a period from a terminal stage of a compression stroke to a compression top dead center. The energy is applied to the fuel injected into the cylinder in a period from start of the fuel injection to an initial stage of an expansion stroke such that a time of a specific crank angle when an increase rate of in-cylinder pressure, which is a ratio of a change in the in-cylinder pressure to a change in a crank angle in motoring the engine, reaches a negative maximum value overlaps a combustion period when a combustion mass percentage of the fuel ranges from 10% to 90%.

Abstract: An intake valve or an exhaust valve is lifted through a swingable cam by the rotation of a rotatable cam formed in the cam shaft. A surface at which the swingable cam abuts with the rotatable cam is tapered in the axial direction in which said cam shaft extends, and the valve shift timing is changed by transferring the cam shaft, that is, the rotatable cam in the axial direction in which said cam shaft extends. The power transmitting member such as a helical gear to be rotated with the output shaft of the engine is engaged with the cam shaft through a helical spline. The power transmitting member is so arranged as to be unmovable in the axial direction in which said cam shaft extends. The rotational phase of the rotatable cam relative to the output shaft of the engine is changed by displacement of the cam shaft relative to the power transmitting member in the axial direction in which said cam shaft extends.

Abstract: A pyrazole derivative having the formula ##STR1## is disclosed; the groups A, B, Q, V, W, X, Y, and Z are defined in the description.

Abstract: A substituted benzoyl derivative of the formula: ##STR1## ps wherein R is a lower alkyl group, or a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted by a lower alkyl group, halogen atom or a lower alkoxy group;n is an integer of 2 0r 3;m is an integer of from 0 to 6, and when m is an integer of from 2 to 6, the plurality of R may be the same or different fron one another;l is an integer of 0, 1 or 2;X is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, or a lower haloalkyl group;Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a lower alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom or a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxy group, or a lower alkoxy carbonyl group; andZ is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a lower haloalkylthio group, a lower alkylsulfinyl group, a lower haloalkylsulfinyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, or a lower haloalkylsulfonyl group.

Abstract: A substituted benzoyl derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl group, or a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted by a lower alkyl group, halogen atom or a lower alkoxy group;n is an integer of 2 or 3;m is an integer of from 0 to 6, and when m is an integer of from 2 to 6, the plurality of R may be the same or different from one another;l is an integer of 0, 1 or 2;X is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, or a lower haloalkyl group;Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a lower alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom or a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxy group, or a lower alkoxy carbonyl group; andZ is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a lower haloalkylthio group, a lower alkylsulfinyl group, a lower haloalkylsulfinyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, or a lower haloalkylsulfonyl group.

Abstract: A substituted benzoyl derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, cyano, nitro or halogen; X.sub.2 is --L--OR.sub.1 (wherein L is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylidene, and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkynyl), --L--O--L--OR.sub.1 (wherein L and R.sub.1 are as defined above), --L--S(O).sub.n --R.sub.2 (wherein L is as defined above, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkynyl, and n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2), --L--O--COR.sub.2 (wherein L and R.sub.2 are as defined above), --L--NR.sub.1 R.sub.3 (wherein L and R.sub.1 are as defined above, and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl), --COOR.sub.1 (wherein R.sub.1 is as defined above) or --COO--L--O--R.sub.1 (wherein L and R.sub.1 are as defined above), provided that when X.sub.

Abstract: A condensed heterocyclic derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and Z is ##STR2##

Abstract: An herbicidally effective benzoyl derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen;X.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen;X.sub.5 is hydrogen or fluorine;Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, Y.sub.4 and Y.sub.5 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl;n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2 is discosed.In addition, the herbicidally effective benzoyl derivative having the formula: ##STR2## wherein: X.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy halogen;X.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen;X.sub.5 is hydrogen or fluorine;Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Y.sub.3, Y.sub.4 and Y.sub.5 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl;n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2;L is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene is disclosed.

Abstract: A pyrazole derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; B is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or alkoxycarbonyl; X is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl substituted by hydrogen or alkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylthio or alkylthioalkyl; Y is --COOR1 (wherein R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, etc.), --COO--L--OR1 (wherein L is alkylene which may be substituted), --COO--L--R2 (wherein R2 is phenyl group which may be substituted), --COO--M (wherein M is 3 to 6-membered alicyclic residue containing not more than 2 sulfur or oxygen atoms), --COO--L--M, --COO--L--O--L--R2, --COO--L--S(O).sub.n --CON (R3) (R4) (wherein each of R3 and R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, etc.), a --CON--(CH.sub.2).sub.n, ##STR2## wherein R5 is alkyl), ##STR3## --CONHSO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CONHSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3, --COO--L--N(R3) (R4), --COO--L--CO--R1, --COO--L--CO--O--R1, --COO--L--CN, --Coo--L--NO.sub.

Abstract: A pyrazole derivative having the formula: ##STR1## where A, B, X, Y, Z and Q are described below.

Abstract: A process for growing wheat and selectively preventing or controlling the growth of wild oats in the same site in which the wheat is being cultivated which comprises applying to said site an amount of an active compound sufficient to control the growth of wild oats without adversely affecting the growth of the wheat, said active compound being N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-4-methoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-1 -(2-pyridyl)pyrazole-5-sulfonamide or N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-4-methoxycarbonyl-1-(2-pyrid yl)pyrazole-5-sulfonamide.

Abstract: There is disclosed imidazolesulfonamide derivatives represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Q, m, R, B, D and T represent a group as specified in the specification andherbicides containing the same as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Pyrazole derivatives, preparations thereof, selective herbicidal compositions containing said derivatives and the use of said derivatives are provided. The pyrazole derivatives having selective herbicidal activity are represented by the formula I: ##STR1## wherein, A denotes a straight or branched lower alkylene or lower alkylidene group; X denotes a halogen atom, nitro group, a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower haloalkoxy group, a lower alkenyl group, phenyl group, cyano group, phenoxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic or aromatic acyl group, methanesulfonyloxy group or group ##STR2## and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, said Xs being the same or different when n is an integer of 2 to 5; and Y denotes a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, nitro group, phenyl group, a lower alkoxy group or trifluoromethyl group and m is in integer of 1 to 3, said Ys being the same or different when m is 2 or 3.