Abstract: The present invention provides a gel containing a water-absorbing crosslinked polymer, and a condensate of a reactive silicon compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of an acidic dissociative group, an acidic dissociative group in a salt form, and a derivative group of an acidic dissociative group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gel containing a water-absorbing crosslinked polymer, and a condensate of a reactive silicon compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of an acidic dissociative group, an acidic dissociative group in a salt form, and a derivative group of an acidic dissociative group.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic compound in high yield and a palladium complex are provided. The palladium complex is represented by formula (D) or formula (D?): In formula (D), X represents a chlorine atom, A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, B represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R4 and R5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R6, R7 and R8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. In formula (D?), X, A, B and R4 to R8 are the same as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gel having an interpenetrating network formed from a first network structure and a second network structure, the first network structure being composed of a first crosslinked polymer formed from at least one noncrosslinkable compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II), and at least one crosslinkable compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (III) and a compound represented by the following formula (IV), and the second network structure being composed of a second crosslinked polymer having at least one selected from the group consisting of an acidic dissociative group, an acidic dissociative group in a salt form, and a derivative group of an acidic dissociative group: wherein the groups are as defined in the DESCRIPTION.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gel containing a crosslinked polymer having at least one selected from the group consisting of an acidic dissociative group, an acidic dissociative group in a salt form, and a derivative group of an acidic dissociative group, and a condensate of a compound represented by the following formula (I): Si{R1—N(R2)(R3)}(OR4)(OR5)(R6) (wherein each group is as defined in the DESCRIPTION).

Abstract: The present invention provides a gel containing a crosslinked polymer having at least one selected from the group consisting of an acidic dissociative group, an acidic dissociative group in a salt form, and a derivative group of an acidic dissociative group, and a condensate of a compound represented by the following formula (I): Si{R1—N(R2)(R3)}(OR4)(OR5)(R6) (wherein each group is as defined in the DESCRIPTION).

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic compound in high yield and a palladium complex are provided. The palladium complex is represented by formula (D) or formula (D?): In formula (D), X represents a chlorine atom, A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, B represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R4 and R5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R6, R7 and R8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. In formula (D?), X, A, B and R4 to R8 are the same as defined above.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an aromatic compound, including a step of mixing a compound represented by formula (A) and a compound represented by formula (B): in the presence of at least one phosphine compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphine represented by formula (C) and a phosphonium salt represented by formula (D): a base, a palladium compound, and an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an aromatic compound, including a step of mixing a compound represented by formula (A) and a compound represented by formula (B): in the presence of at least one phosphine compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphine represented by formula (C) and a phosphonium salt represented by formula (F): a base, a palladium compound, and an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an aromatic compound, including a step of mixing a compound represented by formula (A) and a compound represented by formula (B): in the presence of at least one phosphine compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphine represented by formula (C) and a phosphonium salt represented by formula (F): a base, a palladium compound, and an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an aromatic compound, including a step of mixing a compound represented by formula (A) and a compound represented by formula (B): in the presence of at least one phosphine compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphine represented by formula (C) and a phosphonium salt represented by formula (D): a base, a palladium compound, and an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) substituted with a halogen as a leaving group with an aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) substituted with a halogen as a leaving group and is structurally different from the aromatic compound (A), in the presence of (i) a nickel compound, (ii) a metal reducing agent, (iii) at least one ligand (L1) selected from the group consisting of a 2,2?-bipyridine compound having at least one electron-withdrawing group, and a 1,10-phenanthroline compound having at least one electron-withdrawing group, and (iv) at least one ligand (L2) selected from the group consisting of a 2,2?-bipyridine compound having at least one electron-releasing group, and a 1,10-phenanthroline compound having at least one electron-releasing group.

Abstract: A bipyridine compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be substituted etc., and R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom etc., a transition metal complex obtained by contacting a bipyridine compound represented by the formula (1) with a compound of a transition metal belonging to Group 9, 10 or 11, and a method for production of a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) wherein one or two leaving groups are bonded to an aromatic ring with an aromatic compound (A) having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) being structurally different from the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) and having one or two leaving groups bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of the transition metal complex.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated organic compound represented by the formula (3): (Y1)m-1—R1—R2—(Y2)n-1??(3) wherein Y1 represents R2 or X1, and Y2 represents R1 or B(X2)2, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (1): R1(X1)m??(1) wherein R1 represents an aromatic group or the like, X1 represents a leaving group and m represents 1 or 2, with a compound represented by the formula (2): R2{B(X2)2}n??(2) wherein R2 represents an aromatic group or the like, X2 represents a hydroxyl group or the like, and n represents 1 or 2, in the presence of (a) a nickel compound selected from a nickel carboxylate, nickel nitrate and a nickel halide, (b) a phosphine compound such as 1,4-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino) butane, (c) an amine selected from a primary amine and a diamine such as N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, and (d) an inorganic base.

Abstract: A dihalobiphenyl compound represented by the formula (1): wherein A represents an amino group substituted with one or two C1-C20 hydrocarbon groups or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, R1 represents a fluorine atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, etc., X1 represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, an k represents an integer of 0 to 3, and a polyarylene comprising a repeating unit represented by the formula (2): wherein A, R1 and k represent the same meanings as defined above.

Abstract: A transition metal complex obtained by contacting a bipyridine compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and R3 represent a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be substituted, etc., and R4 and R5 represent a hydrogen atom etc., with a compound of a transition metal belonging to Group 9, 10 or 11, and a process for producing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) wherein one or two leaving groups are bonded to an aromatic ring with an aromatic compound (A) having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) being structurally different from the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) and having one or two leaving groups bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of said transition metal complex.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) wherein one or two leaving groups selected from the group consisting of an iodine atom, a bromine atom and a chlorine atom are bonded to an aromatic ring and the aromatic compound (A) does not have (c1) a group represented by the following formula (10): wherein A1 represents a C1-C20 alkoxy group etc.; (g1) a C1-C20 alkyl group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom etc.; and (h1) a C2-C20 acyl group which may be substituted with a fluorine atom etc.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) represented by the formula (1) wherein n represents 0 or 1, m represents (3-n), R1 represents a C1-C20 alkyl group etc., R2 is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom etc., X1 and X3 independently each represent a chlorine atom etc., with an aromatic compound (A) having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) wherein the aromatic compound (B) is structurally different from the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) and one or two leaving groups selected from the group consisting of an iodine atom, a bromine atom and a chlorine atom are bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of a nickel compound, a metal reducing agent, and a 2,2?-bipyridine compound having at least one electron-releasing group and having no substituent at 3-, 6-, 3?- and 6?-positions.

Abstract: A transition metal complex obtained by contacting a bipyridine compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and R3 represent a C1-C10 alkyl group which may be substituted, etc., and R4 and R5 represent a hydrogen atom etc., with a compound of a transition metal belonging to Group 9, 10 or 11, and a process for producing a conjugated aromatic compound comprising reacting an aromatic compound (A) wherein one or two leaving groups are bonded to an aromatic ring with an aromatic compound (A) having the same structure as that of the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) or an aromatic compound (B) being structurally different from the above-mentioned aromatic compound (A) and having one or two leaving groups bonded to an aromatic ring, in the presence of said transition metal complex.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated organic compound represented by the formula (3): (Y1)m-1—R1—R2—(Y2)n-1??(3) wherein Y1 represents R2 or X1, and Y2 represents R1 or B(X2)2, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (1): R1(X1)m??(1) wherein R1 represents an aromatic group or the like, X1 represents a leaving group and m represents 1 or 2, with a compound represented by the formula (2): R2{B(X2)2}n??(2) wherein R2 represents an aromatic group or the like, X2 represents a hydroxyl group or the like, and n represents 1 or 2, in the presence of (a) a nickel compound selected from a nickel carboxylate, nickel nitrate and a nickel halide, (b) a phosphine compound such as 1,4-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino) butane, (c) an amine selected from a primary amine and a diamine such as N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, and (d) an inorganic base.