Abstract: A torque estimating system for a synchronous electric motor having a permanent magnet includes: a superimposing unit configured to superimpose a voltage or current of a frequency different from a frequency of a fundamental wave driving the synchronous electric motor on at least a d-axis of the synchronous electric motor; a magnet temperature estimating unit configured to estimate a temperature of the permanent magnet from the superimposed voltage or current and a current or voltage obtained by the superimposing; and a torque estimating unit configured to estimate a torque of the synchronous electric motor from the estimated temperature of the permanent magnet.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly with protective film includes a MEA and protective films. The MEA includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane interposed between the cathode and the anode. The protective films are joined on the outer end of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The membrane electrode assembly has a power generation area and an edge-vicinity area. Recesses for receiving the edge-vicinity area including outer ends of the cathode and the anode are formed in outer portions of a cathode-side separator and an anode-side separator which contact the MEA.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser operable by a reduced bias is disclosed. The semiconductor laser includes a substrate, an active area including a quantum well structure, an emitter area and a collector area, where those areas laterally extend on the substrate as the emitter and collector areas sandwich the active area therebetween. The emitter area and the collector area show the conduction type same to each other. The quantum well structure may cause the radiative transition from a higher energy band to a lower energy band, while, the emitter area has a conduction band whose level is equal to or higher than the higher energy band in the quantum well structure and the collector area in a level of the conduction band thereof is equal to or lower than the lower energy band of the quantum well structure.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer includes: first to n-th demultiplexed light input/output portions; a multiplexed light input/output portion; second to n-th interference film filters; and first to n?1-th mirrors. The first to n-th demultiplexed light input/output portions are disposed on a single plane and correspond to light having a single wavelength. The second to n-th interference film filters are disposed in front of the second to n-th demultiplexed light input/output portions. The first to n?1-th mirrors are disposed in front of the first demultiplexed light input/output portion and in front of the n?1-th interference film filters. Light from the first demultiplexed light input/output portion strikes the first to n?1-th mirrors and the second to n-th interference film filters and is input to the multiplexed light input/output portion. Light output from the multiplexed light input/output portion strikes the second to n-th interference film filters and first to n?1-th mirrors.

Abstract: A controller includes: operating member having movable range for operating a movable optical member; setting device setting relation between operation amount in entirety of movable range and command value in part of an operating range of the movable optical member; controller generating signal for controlling operation of the movable optical member, based on the set relation and an operation amount of the operating member in the movable range; and switcher switching mode between first mode causing the entirety of the movable range to correspond to entirety of the operating range, and second mode causing the entirety of the movable range to correspond to the part of the operating range. The setting device sets the relation such that a point in the operating range corresponding to a reference point, set by the setting device, in the movable range is unchanged in any of the first or second mode is selected.

Abstract: To realize weight reduction and ensure favorable performance of an imaging element. A lens barrel of a medical observation device includes: a barrel unit including an imaging optical system configured to acquire an image of an object, and a housing in which the imaging optical system is disposed; and an element unit including an imaging element configured to photoelectrically convert the image of the object acquired by the imaging optical system, and an element holder configured to hold the imaging element, in which the housing is made of a resin material, and the element holder is made of a material different from that of the housing. With this configuration, the housing in which the imaging optical system is disposed is made of the resin material, and the element holder configured to hold the imaging element is made of the material different from that of the housing. Thus, weight reduction can be realized while favorable performance of the imaging element can be ensured.

Abstract: A variable magnetization machine control system comprising a controller configured to adjust a d-axis current waveform and a q-axis current waveform in accordance with an operating condition of a variable magnetization machine to generate an adjusted d-axis current waveform and an adjusted q-axis current waveform that provide a driving voltage to drive the variable magnetization machine at a predetermined speed while maintaining the driving voltage below a predetermined maximum magnitude.

Abstract: To achieve improvement in functionality resulting from switching of optical elements and miniaturization of the device. A medical observation device includes: an imaging optical system configured to capture an image of a subject; an image sensor configured to photoelectrically convert the image of the subject captured by the imaging optical system; and an element holding frame configured to hold a plurality of optical elements and to be capable of being rotated around a rotation shaft. An axial direction of the rotation shaft is set to a direction orthogonal to an optical axis direction that is a direction of a line from the imaging optical system to the image sensor, and the element holding frame is rotated and thus at least one of the optical elements among the plurality of optical elements is positioned on an optical axis.

Abstract: To enable a moving object to be movable even when electromotive driving of the moving object is not possible and prevent inconvenience from occurring during medical procedures.

Abstract: A permanent magnet synchronous motor includes a stator with a stator winding, a rotor with a rotor core rotatable relative to the stator, and a magnetic structure with at least one permanent magnet mounted to the rotor core. The magnetic structure produces a magnetic flux that flows between different magnetic poles of the magnetic structure through a main magnetic flux path that passes through the stator winding of the stator via an air gap and a leakage magnetic flux path that is located within the rotor core about an end portion of the permanent magnet near the air gap. The stator, the rotor and the magnetic structure being further configured to satisfy predetermined relationships in regards to the magnetic resistance of the main magnetic flux path and the leakage magnetic flux path, the magnetomotive force of the magnets and the stator.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a hollow rack bar including a rack portion that is engaged with a pinion gear and faces supported by a yoke easily and accurately, and the hollow rack bar. The hollow rack bar (10) includes: the rack portion (21) engaged with the pinion gear (29); and the supported faces (23) provided on a back side of teeth of the rack portion (21) and supported by the yoke (31). The rack portion (21) is formed by locating a toothed mold (39) on an outer face of a circular tube material, and inserting a cored bar (41) into the circular tube material to pressurize an inner face, thereby transferring a shape of the toothed mold (39). The supported faces (23) are formed by removal processing or deformation processing of a back side of the teeth rack portion (21) of the circular tube material.

Abstract: A variable magnetic flux-type rotary electric machine includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a stator coil wound on teeth. The rotor defines an air gap between the rotor and the stator. The rotor has at least one permanent magnet arranged in the d-axis magnetic path. The stator and the rotor are arranged relative to the permanent magnet to set a characteristic of d(Kt(I))/dI?0 in a range of at or below magnetic saturation of a core material of at least one of the stator and the rotor, where KT represents a torque constant, and I represents an applied current, and a function of KT with respect to I is represented by KT=Kt(I) for a torque Tr acting on the rotor that is represented by Tr=KT×I.

Abstract: A wiring structure includes a connecting terminal array formed on a first substrate and a connected terminal array formed on a second substrate, which are electrically connected, wherein a dummy terminal that is not used for transmission and reception of an electrical signal is provided on at least one end of the connecting terminal array in a terminal arrangement direction, and an anisotropic conductive film containing a conductive particle which is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate extends to the dummy terminal such that an end of the anisotropic conductive film is located on a surface of the dummy terminal.

Abstract: A flat tube heat exchange apparatus that has flat tubes arranged at a regular pitch in the step direction which is orthogonal to the row direction of fins. If the step direction pitch of the flat tubes is defined as Dp, the coefficient of Dp is k, and if 0<k<0.5 or 0.5<k<1, the distance between a fin end at one side in the step direction of the fins, and the center of a flat tube in the thickness direction is k·Dp, and the distance between a fin end at the other side in the step direction of the fins, and the center of a flat tube in the thickness direction is (1?k)·Dp.

Abstract: An eye part detection apparatus includes: a unit configured to input an image of a face captured for each specific time; a unit configured to extract an eye search region on the basis of feature points including a nose from the image; a unit configured to correlate the eye search region at a first time with the eye search region at a second time on the basis of comparison between positions of the feature points at the first time and positions of the feature points at the second time; and a unit configured to determine eye part regions from the eye search regions at the first and second times on the basis of the correlated eye search regions at the first and second times.

Abstract: An evaporated fuel processing apparatus includes a casing provided with a tank port, and the casing is provided with at least one adsorbent layer filled with adsorbent which adsorbs/desorbs evaporated fuel generated in a fuel tank or the like, a vapor-liquid separator separating the evaporated fuel introduced from the tank port into a vapor phase component and a liquid phase component thereof, respectively, and a filter separating the vapor-liquid separator from the adsorbent layer, and, a liquid storing member which is a component separate from the casing, and is opened at at least a tank port side for storing the separated liquid phase component is attached in the casing, and, the filter is fixed to an inner circumferential surface of the casing and the liquid storing member is sandwiched between the casing and the filter.

Abstract: A rotary electric machine includes a stator and a rotor. The rotor has at least one permanent magnet arranged in a d-axis magnetic path. The rotor includes a magnetic gap part located between the permanent magnet arranged in the d-axis magnetic path of one pole and an adjacent magnet with a different polarity, such that a d-axis magnetic flux forms a d-axis bypass passing through an area other than the permanent magnet. The d-axis bypass provides a magnetic resistance in a d-axis direction that is set below a magnetic resistance in a q-axis direction that is orthogonal to the d-axis resistance.

Abstract: A resin frame equipped membrane electrode assembly includes an MEA having different sizes of components and a resin frame member. A clearance is formed between an outer end of a second gas diffusion layer and an inner expansion. The second electrode layer has a frame shaped outer marginal portion provided at the clearance. The crack density of cracks of the frame shaped outer marginal portion is 30 cracks/mm2 or less, and the interval between the cracks is 0.06 mm or more.

Abstract: An integrated shielding protector and a wire harness are provided so that the man-hours concerning the wiring operation can be reduced, and the number of components also can be reduced. A conductive integrated shielding protector, including a first high voltage accommodating part, a second high voltage accommodating part and a low voltage accommodating part, is used when first high voltage wires the voltage of which is high, second high voltage wires the voltage of which is high but lower than that of the first high voltage wires, and low voltage wires the voltage of which is low are wired in parallel in the same course. A wire harness, including the integrated shielding protector, the first high voltage wires, the second high voltage wires and the low voltage wires, is wired inside a vehicle compartment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an automobile high voltage wire harness includes setting a shrinkable tube which has a color to make the wire harness recognized as a high voltage one outside a metal pipe body which is an exterior member of one or a plurality of high voltage electrical pathway(s) wired in an automobile, making the shrinkable tube shrink to cover part of or all of the outer surface of the metal pipe body, and bending the metal pipe body to a predetermined position to be formed into a three-dimensional shape.