Abstract: A process for producing an optically active 3-azide-carboxylic acid ester by reacting an optically active 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester and a thionyl halide in the presence of a basic substance in an organic solvent to produce an optically active 3-halogenocarboxylic acid ester which is then reacted with an azide salt represented by the formula: MN3 (wherein M is an alkaline metal) in water or a mixture of water and a water soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for coding a moving image, capable of obtaining high image quality and high rate of data compression, are provided. The method compares a pixel block of current image to be coded and a pixel block of preceding image within a predetermined region of preceding frame, one after another. The method seeks a specific preceding-image pixel block minimizing matching error. If the matching error relative to the specific preceding-image pixel block exceeds an acceptable value, than the method obtains one or more of orthogonal base systems for approximating AC component vector in the current-image pixel block by inter-frame adaptive orthogonal transformation having, as nest thereof, preceding image data within a predetermined region including the specific preceding-image pixel block. The method thereby codes the moving image data.

Abstract: A novel production process capable of obtaining an optically active alcohol in a high optical purity by subjecting a &bgr;-keto ester such as a 3-perfluoroalkyl-3-oxopropionate ester or a 3-trichloroalkyl-3-oxopropionate ester to asymmetric reduction in simple and convenient operations.

Abstract: The invention relates to an image coding/decoding method and to a recording medium on which a program for this method has been recorded, and the object thereof is to raise the compression rate of image data while the image data is maintained at a high quality. In FIG. 1(A), image data is divided into a plurality of pixel blocks, a DC image comprising mean values of respective ones of the blocks is generated, a corresponding block mean value is separated from each pixel block and a residual vector is obtained for every block. In a case where the magnitude of the residual vector is equal to or greater than an allowable value, orthogonal bases for approximating the residual vector by an adaptive orthogonal transformation that employs a nest of the DC image is obtained and coded. In FIG.

Abstract: An arithmetic unit performs an arithmetic operation, and outputs data obtained as a result of the arithmetic operation. The data output from the arithmetic unit is stored in a store buffer. The data read from the store buffer is stored in cache memory. A first alignment circuit allows an alignment circuit to realign the data output from the arithmetic unit and stored in the store buffer, and the second alignment circuit realigns data read from the store buffer and stored in the cache memory.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active 3-azide-carboxylic acid ester by reacting an optically active 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester and a thionyl halide in the presence of a basic substance in an organic solvent to produce an optically active 3-halogenocarboxylic acid ester which is then reacted with an azide salt represented by the formula: MN3 (wherein M is an alkaline metal) in water or a mixture of water and a water soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A first storage device stores a plurality of program codes. Each program code has an identifier. A second storage device has at least one storage area, which stores a program code to be executed of the plurality of program codes stored in the first storage device. A first variable storage area holds the identifier of the program code stored in the second storage device. A controller breaks execution of the program code when the contents of a command match those of the first variable storage area.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel process for producing optically active 3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone in a short step, which is superior economically and in efficiency and industrially suitable by using a starting material which is inexpensive and easily available and reagents easy to handle. This invention relates to a process for producing optically active 3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone represented by formula I: wherein the symbol * means an asymmetric carbon atom, which comprises hydrogenating an optically active 4-substituted oxy-3-hydroxybutyrate represented by formula II: wherein R1 represents a C1-4 lower alkyl group, R2 represents a protective group for a hydroxyl group deprotected by hydrogenation with a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, and the symbol * has the same meaning as defined above, in the presence of a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst and an acidic substance followed by deprotection and simultaneous ring closure thereof.

Abstract: A processing method of a silica glass fiber, which is applicable to a long fiber, to improve its UV resistance by UV irradiation and heat treatment. Initially, a heating furnace 1 is positioned such that the left end of the silica glass fiber is within the heating furnace 1. Then, the heating furnace 1 is moved toward the right, while UV is irradiated with a UV source to the left end surface of the silica glass fiber. Since the silica glass becomes transparent due to removal of structural defects that have been caused by the UV irradiation, the UV travels further forward and causes other structural defects there. When the heating furnace 1 is moved there, the structural defects are removed and the silica glass fiber becomes transparent. By repeating these steps, the fiber is processed throughout length. Thus, mass production becomes possible and an improvement of productivity and lower costs can be achieved.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel process for producing optically active 3-hydroxy-&ggr;-butyrolactone in a short step, which is superior economically and in efficiency and industrially suitable by using a starting material which is inexpensive and easily available and reagents easy to handle.

Abstract: In an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) semiconductor device, a first semiconductor layer overlies a semiconductor substrate so as to sandwich an insulating layer, and second and third semiconductor layers with a different conductivity type from the second semiconductor layer are formed on the surface of the first semiconductor layer. At the interface between the first semiconductor layer and the insulating layer, a fourth semiconductor layer with a different conductivity type from the first semiconductor layer is formed. The fourth semiconductor layer includes an impurity of larger than 3×1012/cm2 so as not to be completely depleted even though a reverse bias voltage is applied between the second and third semiconductor layers.

Abstract: A method for safely and efficiently producing high purity 3-l-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol and intermediates to be used in the method. As shown in the following reaction formula, 3-l-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol represented by the chemical formula (IV) is produced by adding l-menthol to a 1,2-epoxy-3-halogenopropane represented by the general formula (I) (wherein X represents a halogen atom) in an organic solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid, thereby producing a 1-halogeno-3-l-menthoxypropan-2-ol represented by the general formula (II), allowing the first intermediate to react with an alkali metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms to produce a 1-acyloxy-2-substituted-3-l-menthoxypropane represented by the general formula (III) and then hydrolyzing the second intermediate.

Abstract: A novel production process capable of obtaining an optically active alcohol in a high optical purity by subjecting a &bgr;-keto ester such as a 3-perfluoroalkyl-3-oxopropionate ester or a 3-trichloroalkyl-3-oxopropionate ester to asymmetric reduction in simple and convenient operations.

Abstract: A method for safely and efficiently producing high purity 3-l-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol and intermediates to be used in the method. As shown in the following reaction formula, 3-l-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol represented by the chemical formula (IV) is produced by adding l-menthol to a 1,2-epoxy-3-halogenopropane represented by the general formula (I) (wherein X represents a halogen atom) in an organic solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid, thereby producing a 1-halogeno-3-l-menthoxypropan-2-ol represented by the general formula (II), allowing the first intermediate to react with an alkali metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms to produce a 1-acyloxy-2-substituted-3-l-menthoxypropane represented by the general formula (III) and then hydrolyzing the second intermediate.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided with a first panel selectively exposing the front face or the reverse face by being rotated, and a second panel mounted so that it is shifted between the position being flush with the first panel and the position where it is retracted into the system body. A braking unit for panels in which a resilient pressing member mounted on the second panel is brought into abutment with the first panel when the second panel is shifted from the position within the system body to the position being flush with the first panel that is exposing its front face is further provided. An electronic device further comprises an urging member fixed on the axial rod of the first panel and an urging operation element formed with a resiliently deformable oblique line on a part of the urging member.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit having: an internal main bus; first microprocessor and second microprocessor sharing the internal main bus; a first debug serial bus with one end thereof connected to said first microprocessor; a second debug serial bus with one end thereof connected to the second microprocessor; and a debugging module connected to the other ends of the first debug serial bus and second debug serial bus and transferring at least a debugging program and debugging data to the first microprocessor via said first debug serial bus and to the second microprocessor via the second debug serial bus.

Abstract: A process for producing highly pure 3-l-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol safely and efficiently, and an intermediate to be used in the process. 3-l-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol represented by the chemical formula (IV) is produced by adding l-menthol to a 1,2-epoxy-3-halogenopropane represented by the following general formula (I) (wherein X represents a halogen atom) in an organic solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid to produce a novel 1-halogeno-3-l-menthoxypropan-2-ol represented by the following general formula (II), then, epoxidating it with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to produce a 1,2-epoxy-3-l-menthoxypropane represented by the chemical formula (III), and further hydrolyzing it.

Abstract: A process for producing highly pure 3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol safely and efficiently, and an intermediate to be used in the process. 3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol represented by the chemical formula (IV) is produced by adding 1-menthol to a 1,2-epoxy-3-halogenopropane represented by the following general formula (I) (wherein X represents a halogen atom) in an organic solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid to produce a novel 1-halogeno-3-1-menthoxypropan-2-ol represented by the following general formula (II), then, epoxidating it with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to produce a 1,2-epoxy-3-1-menthoxypropane represented by the chemical formula (III), and further hydrolyzing it.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an optically active oxazolidinone derivative comprising allowing hydrazine to react on an optically active ester having a hydroxyl group at the 3-position which is represented by formula (II): wherein R1 represents a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a methoxymethyl group, a benzyloxymethyl group, a benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl group which may have a substituent or substituents on the benzene ring thereof, an acylaminomethyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxycarbonylaminomethyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, an acetylaminomethyl group, a benzoylaminomethyl group, or a benzyl group; and * indicates an asymmetric carbon atom, and subjecting the resulting hydrazide to Curtius rearrangement.