Abstract: A virtual network control method, for adaptively controlling a topology of a virtual network formed on a physical network in response to environmental changes in the virtual network, is provided with: a step of storing the Langevin equation, as a fluctuation equation, which models the dynamics of the topology of the virtual network as a variable for controlling the number of wavelength paths on the physical network; a step of designing control parameters included in the fluctuation equation; and a step of controlling the topology of the virtual network by applying the control parameters to the fluctuation equation to change an order parameter included in the fluctuation equation when environmental changes occur in the virtual network, and by transitioning the solution of the fluctuation equation between attractors determined by the deterministic term of the fluctuation equation due to the fluctuation term of the fluctuation equation.

Abstract: An optical network has: sections for establishing optical paths; a plurality of optical edge routers for connecting external IP networks to the optical network (1001); and a plurality of optical cross connects, for connecting the optical edge routers by the optical paths, having switching sections with respect to an optical pulse unit. In the optical network, each of the optical edge routers has both of: (1) an optical network control instance (INSp) for maintaining topology information in the optical network and switching/signaling the optical paths; and (2) an IP network instance (INSi) for maintaining a routing table in each of the external IP networks and activating routing protocols between the external IP networks and the IP network instance. By doing this, it is possible to realize a multi-layer cooperative function and provide highly safe optical networks, etc.

Abstract: A virtual network control method, for adaptively controlling a topology of a virtual network formed on a physical network in response to environmental changes in the virtual network, is provided with: a step of storing the Langevin equation, as a fluctuation equation, which models the dynamics of the topology of the virtual network as a variable for controlling the number of wavelength paths on the physical network; a step of designing control parameters included in the fluctuation equation; and a step of controlling the topology of the virtual network by applying the control parameters to the fluctuation equation to change an order parameter included in the fluctuation equation when environmental changes occur in the virtual network, and by transitioning the solution of the fluctuation equation between attractors determined by the deterministic term of the fluctuation equation due to the fluctuation term of the fluctuation equation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of first electrodes standing over a substrate, and a supporter that supports the plurality of first electrodes in standing. The supporter includes a stack of first and second supporting films. The first supporting film has a compressive stress. The second supporting film has a tensile stress.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus and a data transfer system are provided that can reduce the cost of installing communication equipment compatible with each of several dissimilar communication protocols in one exchange office and can reduce the cost of constructing the network.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a memory cell region and a peripheral circuit region. The memory cell region includes a first region and a second region surrounding the first region. The first region includes a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of first support portions, and a second support portion. The plurality of first electrodes upwardly extends. The plurality of first support portions upwardly extends along the plurality of first electrodes. Each of the plurality of first support portions mechanically supports corresponding one of the plurality of first electrodes. The second support portion contacts with the plurality of the first support portions. The second support portion connects between each of the plurality of first electrodes.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus and a data transfer system are provided that can reduce the cost of installing communication equipment compatible with each of several dissimilar communication protocols in one exchange office and can reduce the cost of constructing the network.

Abstract: An optical network has: sections for establishing optical paths; a plurality of optical edge routers for connecting external IP networks to the optical network (1001); and a plurality of optical cross connects, for connecting the optical edge routers by the optical paths, having switching sections with respect to an optical pulse unit. In the optical network, each of the optical edge routers has both of: (1) an optical network control instance (INSp) for maintaining topology information in the optical network and switching/signaling the optical paths; and (2) an IP network instance (INSi) for maintaining a routing table in each of the external IP networks and activating routing protocols between the external IP networks and the IP network instance. By doing this, it is possible to realize a multi-layer cooperative function and provide highly safe optical networks, etc.