Abstract: An encoder includes: a first scale which has a first index portion; a second scale which has a second index portion; a first detection unit which outputs a first signal based on the first index portion, regarding first relative rotation between a fixing member and a first rotating member; a second detection unit which outputs a second signal based on the second index portion, regarding second relative rotation between the fixing member and a second rotating member; and a signal-processing unit which calculates information regarding the first relative rotation on the basis of the first signal and which calculates information regarding the second relative rotation on the basis of the second signal.

Abstract: A drive apparatus includes a motor having a drive part that rotates a first shaft member; a transmission part that transmits rotation of the first shaft member to a second shaft member which is different from the first shaft member; a first detection device provided at the first shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the drive part; a second detection device provided at the second shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the transmission part; and a prevention part that prevents movement of foreign substance toward a detection part which includes at least one of the first detection device and the second detection device.

Abstract: A drive apparatus includes a motor having a drive part that rotates a first shaft member; a transmission part that transmits rotation of the first shaft member to a second shaft member which is different from the first shaft member; a first detection device provided at the first shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the drive part; a second detection device provided at the second shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the transmission part; and a prevention part that prevents movement of foreign substance toward a detection part which includes at least one of the first detection device and the second detection device.

Abstract: A drive apparatus includes a motor having a drive part that rotates a first shaft member; a transmission part that transmits rotation of the first shaft member to a second shaft member which is different from the first shaft member; a first detection device provided at the first shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the drive part; a second detection device provided at the second shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the transmission part; and a prevention part that prevents movement of foreign substance toward a detection part which includes at least one of the first detection device and the second detection device.

Abstract: A drive apparatus includes a motor having a drive part that rotates a first shaft member; a transmission part that transmits rotation of the first shaft member to a second shaft member which is different from the first shaft member; a first detection device provided at the first shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the drive part; a second detection device provided at the second shaft member to detect information regarding rotation of the transmission part; and a prevention part that prevents movement of foreign substance toward a detection part which includes at least one of the first detection device and the second detection device.

Abstract: There are provided screw segments 100, 200 that are capable of shearing and kneading feedstock without causing plugs within a cylinder 1 of a screw extruder, and of extruding it from the cylinder 1. The screw segments 100, 200 each comprise a shaft part 111 to be affixed to a screw shaft 7, and a tooth part 112 that protrudes radially outward from the shaft part 111. The tooth part 112 comprises a tooth surface 116 that is formed on the front side relative to the rotation direction of the screw shaft 7, and that is so sloped as to transition gradually forward relative to the rotation direction as it transitions radially outward from the shaft part 111.

Abstract: A seal ring is provided which allows the interior of a cylinder 1 of a screw extruder to be maintained at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, thus suppressing a variation in the pressure in the cylinder 1. In a special seal ring 300 attached to a screw shaft 7 in the cylinder of the screw extruder so as to be rotatable integrally with the screw shaft 7, thus restraining a material to be treated from being fed from upstream to downstream in the cylinder, a lead groove 317 extending in an axial direction of the shaft 7 is formed in an outer circumferential surface 316 opposing with a predetermined gap to an inner circumferential surface 1a of the cylinder. The lead groove 317 serves to disturb the flow of the material to be treated passing between the outer circumferential surface 316 and the inner wall surface 1a of the cylinder 1 to complex the flow. This stabilizes feeding resistance to suppress a variation in the pressure in the cylinder 1.

Abstract: An encoder system includes: a first single-rotation absolute encoder that outputs a first signal corresponding to an angular position of a first rotatable shaft; a power transmission device that transmits the power of the first shaft to a second rotatable shaft with a predetermined transmission ratio; a second single-rotation absolute encoder that outputs a second signal corresponding to an angular position of the second shaft; and a signal processing section that generates data related to the rotation count of the first shaft based on at least the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A toothed belt has therein a core wire (3) including a core thread (1) made of aramid fiber and a filament thread (2) made of nylon fiber, and has belt tooth portions (4) and belt groove portions (5) alternately formed therealong. The core wire (3), the belt tooth portions (4), and the belt groove portions (5) are integrated with one another by a rubber material (7). It should be noted herein that the core thread (1) and the filament thread (2) are integrally twined around each other so that the filament thread (2) is formed in the shape of a plurality of loops around the core thread (1). The filament thread (2) in the shape of the loops enters tooth root portions (9) of the belt tooth portions (4) to be arranged therein. As a result, the tooth root portions (9) are strengthened.

Abstract: An encoder system includes: a first single-rotation absolute encoder that outputs a first signal corresponding to an angular position of a first rotatable shaft; a power transmission device that transmits the power of the first shaft to a second rotatable shaft with a predetermined transmission ratio; a second single-rotation absolute encoder that outputs a second signal corresponding to an angular position of the second shaft; and a signal processing section that generates data related to the rotation count of the first shaft based on at least the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A resin composition includes 0.1 to 40% by mass of a carbon-based nanofiller, 5 to 90% by mass of a resin, and 5 to 90% by mass of calcium fluoride.

Abstract: A motor device includes a base portion; a transmission portion that is formed with the base portion as one member and is wound around at least a part of an outer periphery of a rotator; and a driving portion which is supported by the base portion, moves the transmission portion by a certain distance in a state in which a rotational force is transmitted between the rotator and the transmission portion, and returns the transmission portion to a predetermined position in a state in which the rotation force transmission state is released.

Abstract: A soldering iron (and a desoldering iron) with a replaceable tip, which is releasably securable on the forward heat-conducting end of a soldering (or desoldering) iron heat assembly. The tip has a heat conducting core in a tip cap. Methods of manufacturing and using the tip are also disclosed. A method of manufacturing a replaceable soldering or desoldering iron tip can comprise preparing a cap having a base opening and at least substantially filling the cap through the base opening with a heat conducting material so that a tip core is formed in the cap, the tip core having a core face at the base opening.

Abstract: A resin composition includes 0.1 to 40% by mass of a carbon-based nanofiller, 5 to 90% by mass of a resin, and 5 to 90% by mass of calcium fluoride.

Abstract: A toothed belt has therein a core wire (3) including a core thread (1) made of aramid fiber and a filament thread (2) made of nylon fiber, and has belt tooth portions (4) and belt groove portions (5) alternately formed therealong. The core wire (3), the belt tooth portions (4), and the belt groove portions (5) are integrated with one another by a rubber material (7). It should be noted herein that the core thread (1) and the filament thread (2) are integrally twined around each other so that the filament thread (2) is formed in the shape of a plurality of loops around the core thread (1). The filament thread (2) in the shape of the loops enters tooth root portions (9) of the belt tooth portions (4) to be arranged therein. As a result, the tooth root portions (9) are strengthened.

Abstract: A soldering iron (and a desoldering iron) with a replaceable tip, which is releasably securable on the forward heat-conducting end of a soldering (or desoldering) iron heat assembly. The tip has a heat conducting core in a tip cap. Methods of manufacturing and using the tip are also disclosed. A method of manufacturing a replaceable soldering or desoldering iron tip can comprise preparing a cap having a base opening and at least substantially filling the cap through the base opening with a heat conducting material so that a tip core is formed in the cap, the tip core having a core face at the base opening.

Abstract: A heat transferring member comprises a heat transfer body for melting solder, and a pipe inserted into a hole formed in the heat transfer body, wherein heat from a heating member is conducted to the heat transfer body. The pipe includes a tubular-shaped substrate made of copper or copper alloy, and an aluminum oxide film formed at least on a peripheral surface of the tubular-shaped substrate. The pipe may be press-fitted in the hole.

Abstract: A plant biomass pretreatment method which allows prompt pretreatment of plant biomass with simple equipment is provided. The method includes continuously performing in sequence, inside an extruder, pretreatment steps of coarsely crushing the plant biomass to a predefined size or smaller, adding a decomposing agent(s) to the coarsely crushed plant biomass, applying a hot compressed water treatment(s) to the plant biomass with the decomposing agent added thereto, and performing saccharification preparation for mixing the plant biomass with the hot compressed water treatment applied thereto with an enzyme(s) for saccharifying the plant biomass.

Abstract: A soldering iron (and a desoldering iron) with a replaceable tip, which is releasably securable on the forward heat-conducting end of a soldering (or desoldering) iron heat assembly. The tip has a tapered heat conducting core in a tip cap. The face of the core can have a depression for mating engagement with a protrusion of the heat-conducting end. Also, the face can lie in the rear plane of the tip cap. An assembly which allows for the easy removal and application of a replacement tip can include a sleeve with tightening bolt, a coil spring sleeve, or a slotted compressible sleeve. The tip can thus be replaced after it has worn out, and the heat assembly unit need not be replaced until it has burnt out. Methods of manufacturing and using the tip are also disclosed.

Abstract: A seal ring is provided which allows the interior of a cylinder 1 of a screw extruder to be maintained at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, thus suppressing a variation in the pressure in the cylinder 1. In a special seal ring 300 attached to a screw shaft 7 in the cylinder of the screw extruder so as to be rotatable integrally with the screw shaft 7, thus restraining a material to be treated from being fed from upstream to downstream in the cylinder, a lead groove 317 extending in an axial direction of the shaft 7 is formed in an outer circumferential surface 316 opposing with a predetermined gap to an inner circumferential surface 1a of the cylinder. The lead groove 317 serves to disturb the flow of the material to be treated passing between the outer circumferential surface 316 and the inner wall surface 1a of the cylinder 1 to complex the flow. This stabilizes feeding resistance to suppress a variation in the pressure in the cylinder 1.