Abstract: An electronic device includes at least one processor that identifies a cyclic change related to an arm swing of a user from a three-dimensional acceleration measured by a first measurer. The at least one processor defines a two-dimensional plane containing a plane of the arm swing of the user from the three-dimensional acceleration measured at a wrist of the user, detects the cyclic change as a motion on an arc centered at a shoulder of the user in the two-dimensional plane, and obtains an angle of the arm swing.

Abstract: An electronic device includes at least one processor that identifies a cyclic change related to an arm swing of a user from a three-dimensional acceleration measured by a measurer. The at least one processor defines a two-dimensional plane containing a plane of the arm swing of the user from the three-dimensional acceleration measured at a wrist of the user, detects the cyclic change as a motion on an arc centered at a shoulder of the user in the two-dimensional plane, obtains, from the three-dimensional acceleration, a direction of a line segment connecting the wrist and the shoulder, and obtains a bending angle of an elbow of the user based on the line segment.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises function for receiving a power supply from outside of the apparatus, and erasing a program stored in a volatile memory when the power supply is stopped, function for receiving the program from an external apparatus and storing the program in a volatile memory having no backup battery, and function for processing data in accordance with the stored program.

Abstract: After a level of a selection signal C is changed, a currently output clock signal present at an output line is interrupted (set to be a low level) at the fall of the level of the currently output clock signal (A or B), and a switching operation is started. After the switching, the supply of an extracted clock signal to the output line is resumed when the level of the extracted clock signal (A or B) is changed. The best clock signal, which is synchronized with a plurality of source clock signals, can be provided to another system such as an IC card without increasing the number of parts. No noise is generated at a clock signal switching time, and the time required for switching can be kept to a minimum.

Abstract: A character input apparatus contains a ROM that stores the character change pattern for each character according to where the character is in a string of characters, and a character reader for reading the characters before and after the entered character. When a character is entered from an input unit, the characters before and after the entered character are read by the character reader, and the change patterns corresponding to the entered character and the characters before and after the entered character are read from the ROM. This makes it possible to enter such concatenated characters as those written in one stroke, and further enter characters in a language where the form of each character changes according to the preceding and succeeding characters.

Abstract: A data transmission arrangement for a portable data storage medium, in which messages are transmitted between an external device and a portable data storage medium at a plurality of times in response to one readout command output from the external device. When malfunction occurs during the processing in the portable data storage medium, the portable data storage medium outputs an abnormality response to the external device, and then receives a continuous data demand command from the external device. Thereafter, a status data different from the status data included in the first message is sent from the portable data storage medium to the external device. The external device recognizes this sent status data. Thereafter, the data transmission started in response to one readout command is not discontinued and additional data continuous to be transmitted.