Abstract: A multilayer information recording medium has both good reproducing performance and good recording and rewriting capabilities, as well as good repeated rewriting capabilities even after being archived for a long period of time. The information recording medium has at least a first recording layer and a second recording layer, which generate reversible phase changes between the crystalline phase and the amorphous phase. The first recording layer contains Ge, Te and Bi, while the second recording layer contains Sb and one or more elements M1 selected from a group including V, Mn, Ga, Ge, Se, Ag, In, Sn, Te, Pb, Bi and Au.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first information layer and a second information layer. The first information layer includes a first recording layer in which a reversible phase change is caused between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by irradiation of a laser beam or application of current. The second information layer includes a second recording layer in which a reversible phase change is caused between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by the irradiation of the laser beam or the application of the current. The first recording layer is made of a first material, the second recording layer is made of a second material, and the first material is different from the second material.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium of the invention has at least two information layers. A first information layer (100) disposed at the front side (viewed from a laser incident side) includes at least a reflection layer (3), a recording layer (6) disposed at the laser incident side with respect to the reflection layer (3), for generating a reversible change between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase that can be detected optically by applying a laser beam, and a dielectric layer (50) disposed between the reflection layer (3) and the recording layer (6). The dielectric layer (50) contains at least Zr, Si and Cr, a ratio of Zr, Si and Cr of the dielectric layer (50) at the reflection layer side is expressed as Zr:Si:Cr=p:q:r (p+q+r=100), a ratio of Zr, Si and Cr of the dielectric layer (50) in the vicinity of the interface at the recording layer side is expressed as Zr:Si:Cr=s:t:u (s+t+u=100), and r<u or t<q.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium of the present invention includes at least one information layer. The information layer includes a first protective film, a first interface film, a recording film having the optical characteristics that are changed reversibly by laser beam irradiation, a second interface film, a second protective film, and a reflective film, present in the indicated order from the laser beam incident side. The first interface film includes an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Si. The second interface film includes carbon or a carbide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, and Si.

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes a substrate and an information layer arranged on the substrate. The information layer includes a recording layer that is changed in phase reversibly between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by at least one of optical means and electrical means, and at least one crystalline nucleation layer that contains at least one element selected from Bi and Te and at least one element (M1) selected from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, and Lu and is provided in contact with the recording layer.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first information layer and a second information layer. The first information layer includes a first recording layer in which a reversible phase change is caused between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by irradiation of a laser beam or application of current. The second information layer includes a second recording layer in which a reversible phase change is caused between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by the irradiation of the laser beam or the application of the current. The first recording layer is made of a first material, the second recording layer is made of a second material, and the first material is different from the second material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel NMR metabolomics method for observing an animal by labeling the animal itself. A labeled animal labeled with a stable isotope is produced by feeding an animal a labeled food labeled with the stable isotope. Metabolism of a biological substance in the animal is analyzed based on nuclear magnetic resonance data of the biological substance containing the stable isotope. The nuclear magnetic resonance data is acquired by performing NMR measurement on a body of the labeled animal, a portion of the body, or an extract.

Abstract: A snow vehicle which is capable of increasing the cooling efficiency of an intercooler thereof by reducing the influence of intense heat from a supercharger thereof, while suppressing the overall height of an engine thereof. An engine hood covers a front part of the body frame from above, and an engine room is formed under the engine hood. A supercharger is disposed in the engine room at a location forward of the engine, and an intercooler is disposed rightwardly of the engine. High-temperature air from the supercharger is cooled by the intercooler and supplied to the engine. An air inlet port is formed through a front left half of the engine hood, for taking in air for cooling the supercharger etc., and another air inlet port is formed through a front right half of the engine hood separately from the air inlet port, for taking in air for cooling mainly the intercooler and a battery.

Abstract: A snowmobile with an intercooler includes a four-stroke-cycle engine unit disposed in an engine room covered by an engine hood, and the engine unit includes an engine body, a turbocharger, an intercooler for cooling an intake-air, which is pressurized and heated up by the turbocharger, and an electric motor-driven cooling fan provided for the intercooler for introducing an outside air to the intercooler through which the air after cooling the intercooler is discharged toward the inside of the engine room.

Abstract: An information recording medium is provided that has high recording sensitivity for recording information and superior repeated rewriting performance. The information recording medium has at least a recording layer that is changeable between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by applying a laser beam or electric current and a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer contains at least C, Si, Sn and O. Alternatively, the information recording medium includes at least two information layers with at least one of the information layer including at least a recording layer that is changeable between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by applying a laser beam or electric current and a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer contains at least C, Si, Sn and O.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium having two or more information layers, wherein the irradiation of either the information layer with a laser beam converging thereon causes information signals to be recorded or reproduced; the nearer positioned information layer than the farthest information layer as viewed from the incidence side of the laser beam has a recording layer varying between two optically detectable states, and 0?|Tc?Ta|/Tc?0.1 where Tc is the transmittance of the nearer positioned information layer when the recording layer is in state (a) and Ta, the transmittance, when it is in state (b). This makes possible accurate accurately recording and reproduction of information onto and out of the farther information layer irrespective of whether or not any information is recorded on the nearer information layer.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first information layer and a second information layer. The first information layer includes a first recording layer in which a reversible phase change is caused between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by irradiation of a laser beam or application of current. The second information layer includes a second recording layer in which a reversible phase change is caused between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by the irradiation of the laser beam or the application of the current. The first recording layer is made of a first material, the second recording layer is made of a second material, and the first material is different from the second material.

Abstract: An information recording medium ensures high reliability and favorable overwrite cycle-ability even when an interface layer is not provided between a recording layer and a dielectric layer. The recording layer and the dielectric layers are formed on the surface of the substrate. In the recording layer, a phase change is generated between a crystal phase and an amorphous phase by irradiation of light or application of electric energy. The dielectric layers are oxide-fluoride-based material layers containing one or more oxides which each are an oxide of at least one element selected from a first group including only Ti, Zr, Cr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr and Si and one or more fluorides which each are a fluoride of at least one element selected from a second group including only La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb.

Abstract: Because conditions for recording identification data of a medium vary in accordance with the structure of different media, such as a single-layer or a multiple-layer structure, stable data recording has been a difficult task. To solve this problem, an incident side of the laser beam for recording identification data on a single-layer optical disk 5 and a double-layer optical disk 6 is the opposite side of a substrate 1 upon which user data is recorded. From this structure, even in a double-layer optical disk 6, the recording is not affected by the recording layer of a second layer 12b and the like. Therefore, in the double-layer optical disk 6, identification data of the medium can be recorded under the same conditions as the single-layer optical disk 5.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium on which information can be recorded and reproduced by using a laser beam is provided. The medium includes a substrate with a guide groove and a multilayered metal film including at least a first metal layer, a barrier layer and a second metal layer that are deposited on the substrate in this order, or a single layer metal film including at least a metal layer and a recording layer are deposited on the substrate in this order. The second metal layer and the metal layer of the single layer metal film are a material containing Al and a metal element (an additive) as main components.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a substrate and an information layer formed on the substrate. The information layer includes a recording layer whose phase can be changed between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase by irradiation with a laser beam or application of electric energy; a Cr-containing layer including at least Cr and O, arranged in contact with a first surface of the recording layer; and a Ga-containing layer including at least Ga and O, arranged in contact with a second surface of the recording layer.

Abstract: An information recording medium which ensures high reliability and favorable overwrite cycle-ability is provided, even when an interface layer is not provided between a recording layer and a dielectric layer. The recording layer 4 and the dielectric layers 2 and 6 are formed on the surface of the substrate 1. In the recording layer 4, a phase change is generated between a crystal phase and an amorphous phase by irradiation of light or application of an electric energy. The dielectric layers 2 and 6 are Zr/Hf—Cr—O-based material layers comprising at least one of Zr and Hf, Cr and O, preferably consisting essentially of material expressed, for example, with the formula (MO2)N(Cr2O3)100?N (mol %) wherein M is either or both of Zr and Hf, and 20?N?80.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium according to the present invention includes at least one information layer in which a first dielectric film that contains Cr, O and at least one element (M1) selected from Zr and Hf, a recording film that is provided on the first dielectric film and changed in optical property reversibly by irradiation of laser beams, and a second dielectric film that is provided on the recording film and contains Cr, O and the at least one element (M1) selected from Zr and Hf, are provided in this order from a side on which laser beams are incident. The first dielectric film has a Cr atom concentration of at least 6 at %, the second dielectric film has a Cr atom concentration of at least 9 at %, and the Cr atom concentration of the second dielectric film is larger than the Cr atom concentration of the first dielectric film.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium of the invention has at least two information layers. A first information layer (100) disposed at the front side (viewed from a laser incident side) includes at least a reflection layer (3), a recording layer (6) disposed at the laser incident side with respect to the reflection layer (3), for generating a reversible change between an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase that can be detected optically by applying a laser beam, and a dielectric layer (50) disposed between the reflection layer (3) and the recording layer (6). The dielectric layer (50) contains at least Zr, Si and Cr, a ratio of Zr, Si and Cr of the dielectric layer (50) at the reflection layer side is expressed as Zr:Si:Cr=p:q:r (p+q+r=100), a ratio of Zr, Si and Cr of the dielectric layer (50) in the vicinity of the interface at the recording layer side is expressed as Zr:Si:Cr=s:t:u (s+t+u=100), and r<u or t<q.

Abstract: A memory includes: first and second recording layers for recording information by utilizing a reversible phase change between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase which occurs due to increases in temperature caused by application of an electric current pulse. The crystallization temperatures of the first and second recording layers, Tx1 and Tx2 have the relationship Tx1<Tx2. The crystallization times of the first and second recording layers, tx1 and tx2, have the relationship tx1>tx2. Ra1+Ra2, Ra1+Rc2, Rc1+Ra2, and Rc1+Rc2 are different from one another where the resistance value of the first recording layer in the amorphous phase is Ra1, the resistance value of the first recording layer in the crystalline phase is Rc1, the resistance value of the second recording layer in the amorphous phase is Ra2 and the resistance value of the second recording layer in the crystalline phase is Rc2.