Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polyacrylonitrile fiber includes a spinning process in which a spinning dope including polyacrylonitrile is spun; a first drawing process; a drying process; and a second hot drawing process in this order.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prophylactic or therapeutic agent and a prophylactic or therapeutic method superior in the prophylaxis or treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. Provided are a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for Sjogren's syndrome, containing a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the Specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of Sjogren's syndrome, including administering an effective amount of the compound represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A developing device includes: a developing member including a magnetism-generating member having plural magnetic poles polarized in a circumferential-direction thereof, and a rotating member that is rotated about the magnetism-generating member; a developer-pumping pole provided in the magnetism-generating member, and that pumps up the developer, which is supplied from a developer accommodating portion, to the rotating member surface; a developer-peeling-off pole provided in the magnetism-generating member below a rotation axis of the rotating member in a vertical direction on an upstream side of the developer-pumping pole in a rotational-direction of the rotating member, that peels off the developer from the rotating member surface; and a magnetic body provided in at least a portion between a facing position facing the developer-peeling-off pole in a circumferential-direction of the rotating member and an intermediate position between the developer-peeling-off pole and the developer-pumping pole in the circu

Abstract: The emission efficiency of a light-emitting device including a microcavity structure is improved. The light-emitting device includes a plurality of light-emitting elements. The plurality of light-emitting elements each include a reflective electrode, a transparent electrode, a plurality of light-emitting layers, and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode stacked in that order. The plurality of light-emitting layers emit light of different colors. A surface roughness of the transparent electrode in the light-emitting element which is among the plurality of light-emitting elements and in which light emitted from the light-emitting layer closest to the reflective electrode is amplified and emitted outside is greater than surface roughnesses of the transparent electrodes in the other light-emitting elements.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotating image carrier, a charging device, a latent image forming device, a developing device having a developer holder and developing a latent image as a visible image, a voltage application unit that generates a potential difference between the image carrier and the developer holder to form an electric field, by which toner is directed toward the latent image, in a developing region, and a transfer device that transfers the visible image of the image carrier to a medium, wherein the developer holder having a concavo-convex portion having a convex portion and a concave portion is provided in an outer surface thereof and formed such that the volume resistivity of a portion corresponding to the convex portion is set to be larger than the volume resistivity of a portion corresponding to the concave portion.

Abstract: A developing device includes first and second developing rollers, a trimmer, a divider, and a movement regulator. The first and second developing rollers are arranged so as to face an outer peripheral surface of a photoconductor at downstream and upstream positions, respectively, in a rotation direction of the photoconductor, and respectively include first and second sleeves and first and second magnets. The trimmer is arranged so as to face an outer peripheral surface of the first developing roller, and regulates formation of a layer of developer held by the first developing roller. The divider divides the developer regulated by the trimmer into developer that adheres to the first developing roller and developer that adheres to the second developing roller. The movement regulator is disposed between the trimmer and the divider and regulates movement of the developer held by the first developing roller before the developer is divided.

Abstract: Occurrence of a crosstalk phenomenon is prevented in a light-emitting device including a tandem element. The light-emitting device includes an insulating layer, a first lower electrode over the insulating layer, a second lower electrode over the insulating layer, a partition positioned over the insulating layer and between the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode, a first light-emitting unit over the first lower electrode, the partition, and the second lower electrode, intermediate layers over the first light-emitting unit, a second light-emitting unit over the intermediate layer, and an upper electrode over the second light-emitting unit. The partition has a first depression.

Abstract: The light-emitting device includes a first lower electrode, a second lower electrode, a partition, a layer with high conductivity, light-emitting layers, and an upper electrode. The conductivity of the layer with high conductivity is higher than the conductivity of each of the light-emitting layers and lower than the conductivity of each of the lower electrodes and the upper electrode. The partition includes a first slope located on a first lower electrode side and a second slope located on a second lower electrode side. The thickness of the layer with high conductivity located over the first slope in a direction perpendicular to the first slope is different from the thickness of the layer with high conductivity located over the second slope in a direction perpendicular to the second slope.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prophylactic or therapeutic agent and a prophylactic or therapeutic method superior in the prophylaxis or treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. Provided are a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for Sjogren's syndrome, containing a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the Specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of Sjogren's syndrome, including administering an effective amount of the compound represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Occurrence of a crosstalk phenomenon is suppressed in a light-emitting device including a tandem element. A light-emitting device includes a first lower electrode and a second lower electrode over an insulating layer; a partition which is formed over the insulating layer and positioned between the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; a projecting object formed over the partition; a first light-emitting unit over each of the first lower electrode, the partition, the projecting object, and the second lower electrode; an intermediate layer over the first light-emitting unit; a second light-emitting unit over the intermediate layer; and an upper electrode over the second light-emitting unit. A recess is formed by a side surface of the projecting object and a side surface of the partition.

Abstract: A two-component developer includes toner and a magnetic carrier. The two-component developer is used in a developing device including a circular cylindrical developer transporting member that is disposed so as to be separated by 125 ?m to 250 ?m from a latent image carrier that rotates. The two-component developer is used so as to satisfy a condition in which a width of a region where a magnetic brush contacts a surface of the latent image carrier is in a range of from 1.0 mm to 2.25 mm, and a condition in which a developer density of the region where the magnetic brush contacts the surface of the latent image carrier is in a range of from 0.75×10?6 to 1.50×10?6 g/m3.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer container; a developer holding body including a magnet member and a substantially cylindrical member; a transport member including a rotating shaft and a substantially spiral transport blade; a layer-thickness regulating member; and an interrupting member that is arranged between the developer holding body and the transport member, that intersects with a first virtual plane passing through a facing position between the regulating member and the developer holding body and being adjacent to a rotation locus of a radial-direction outer edge of the transport blade at a position at which a speed in a circumferential direction of the transport blade has a speed component toward the regulating member, and a second virtual plane passing through rotation centers of the developer holding body and transport member, and that interrupts movement of the developer pushed and moving in the radial direction of the transport blade.

Abstract: A developing device includes a first developing member rotating such that a moving direction of a portion opposing the image carrier is opposite a moving direction of the image carrier. A second developing member is provided on a downstream side of the first developing member in a rotating direction of the image carrier rotating such that a moving direction of a portion opposing the image carrier is the same as the moving direction of the image carries. A distributing member is supported movably relative to a proximal portion where the first developing member is closest to the second developing member so as to distribute developer to the first and second developing members by contact with the developer, and a biasing member biases the distributing member upstream in the rotating direction of the first developing member.

Abstract: A developing device includes a first developing member that rotates in a manner such that a moving direction of a portion opposing the image carrier is opposite a moving direction of the image carrier, a second developing member provided on a downstream side of the first developing member in a rotating direction of the image carrier and rotates in a manner such that a moving direction of a portion opposing the image carrier is the same as the moving direction of the image carrier, a distributing member supported movably relative to a proximal portion where the first developing member is closest to the second developing member so as to distribute developer to the first and second developing members by contact with the developer, and an a biasing member that biases the distributing member upstream in the rotating direction of the first developing member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation sensitive resin composition comprising [A] an alkali-soluble resin, [B] a 1,2-quinonediazide compound and [C] a radical trapping agent. The radiation sensitive resin composition can provide an interlayer insulating film which satisfies general requirements for an interlayer insulating film such as high light transmittance and has excellent heat-resistant dimensional stability, heat discoloration resistance and adhesion to a substrate along with the improvement of process efficiency for improving product yield at a high resolution and has excellent storage stability.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polyacrylonitrile fiber includes a spinning process in which a spinning dope including polyacrylonitrile is spun; a first drawing process; a drying process; and a second hot drawing process in this order.

Abstract: A developing device includes: an magnetic field generating unit that generates an magnetic field; and a cylindrical developer holder, to which a voltage is applied, that surrounds the magnetic field generating unit and rotates, the cylindrical developer holder: having an outer circumferential surface having a plurality of grooves that extend in a direction of a rotational axis, the outer circumferential surface being capable of holding developer including a magnetic substance by using the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generation unit, an electrical resistance of an inner wall surface of each of the grooves being higher than an electrical resistance of the magnetic substance included in the developer; and supplying the developer to an image holder that holds an electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes picture element regions each defined by a first electrode provided on a first substrate and a second electrode provided on a second substrate so as to oppose the first electrode via a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween. In each of the picture element regions, the first electrode includes a solid portion and a nonsolid portion. The liquid crystal display device further includes a pair of polarizing plates disposed with polarization axes thereof crossing each other substantially perpendicularly. The polarization axis of one of the pair of polarizing plates is substantially parallel to a direction in which the solid portion extends. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, in each of the picture element regions, liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are in a radially-inclined orientation state.

Abstract: A light guiding element has a first principal surface, a second principal surface which opposes the first principal surface, a first lateral surface which intersects with the first principal surface and the second principal surface, and a second lateral surface which opposes the first lateral surface. The light guiding element allows light incoming from the first lateral surface to propagate between the first principal surface and the second principal surface. The light guiding element includes a portion in which a refractive index varies substantially continuously from the first principal surface toward the second principal surface.

Abstract: A developing device includes a housing accommodating a developer containing a toner and a magnetic carrier; first and second developing members facing an image bearing member and having substantially-cylindrical first and second rotatable sleeves and first and second magnet rollers supported therein and having magnetic poles; a supply member supplying the developer onto the first sleeve; a layer regulating member facing the first sleeve and regulating a layer of the developer; and an electrode member facing the second sleeve with a distance therebetween and disposed upstream, in the second-sleeve rotational direction, of where the second sleeve receives the developer from the first sleeve and downstream of where the second developing member faces the image bearing member. An electric field removing the toner from the second sleeve or causing the toner on the carrier to adhere onto the second sleeve is generated between the electrode member and the second sleeve.