Abstract: A maximum value of a discharge current from a capacitor 13, detected by a primary-side current detection means 24 disposed at a grounded end of the capacitor 13, is controlled such as not to exceed a predetermined first control value Y1. The first control value Y1 is derived based on magnetic saturation of a primary winding 3, with the control being performed by controlling the on-off state of an energy injection switching means 20. As a result, magnetic saturation of the primary winding 3 can be prevented, and the reliability of an ignition apparatus which incorporates an energy injection circuit 6 can be increased.

Abstract: An ignition control apparatus of the present embodiment controls operation of an ignition plug provided so as to ignite an air-fuel mixed gas.

Abstract: According to an ignition device, a first switching unit applies a voltage between electrodes of by spark plug by turning on/off energization from an on-vehicle battery to a primary coil. Further, a second switching unit applies a voltage having the same direction as a spark discharge generated by turning on/off the first switching unit between the electrodes of the spark plug by supplying electrical energy accumulated in a booster circuit into a primary coil. Accordingly, it is possible to greatly reduce a complexity of the on/off switching of the first and second switching units compared to a conventional technology.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus includes an adjuster. The adjuster adjusts, according to at least one of a primary voltage and a secondary voltage detected by a voltage detector, at least one of an application timing and an application level of auxiliary electrical energy to an ignition coil while main electrical energy is applied to a spark plug by the ignition coil. The application timing includes whether the auxiliary electrical energy is applied to the ignition coil.

Abstract: An ignition control apparatus of the present embodiment controls operation of an ignition plug provided so as to ignite an air-fuel mixed gas.

Abstract: An ignition control device comprises: a first switching element having a power source side terminal connected to an other end side of a primary coil and a first ground side terminal connected to a ground side; a second switching element having a second ground side terminal connected to the other end side of the primary coil; a third switching element having a third power source side terminal connected to the second power source side terminal in the second switching element, and a third ground side terminal connected to the ground side; and an energy storage coil. The energy storage coil is an inductor interposed in an electric power line connecting a non-ground side output terminal in a DC power source and the third power source side terminal in the third switching element, and stores energy from the turning on of the third switching element.

Abstract: A maximum value of a discharge current from a capacitor 13, detected by a primary-side current detection means 24 disposed at a grounded end of the capacitor 13, is controlled such as not to exceed a predetermined first control value Y1. The first control value Y1 is derived based on magnetic saturation of a primary winding 3, with the control being performed by controlling the on-off state of an energy injection switching means 20. As a result, magnetic saturation of the primary winding 3 can be prevented, and the reliability of an ignition apparatus which incorporates an energy injection circuit 6 can be increased.

Abstract: In the tire (1), a region of the tread portion (10) overlapping with a range of 80% of a length of the circumferential belt layer (40) in a tread widthwise direction around a tire equator line CL is a central region CR in the tire radial direction trd, and a remaining region of the tread portion (10) is a terminal region TR, a maximum curvature radius of the arc portion of the central circumferential groove 50a is R1, a minimum curvature radius of the arc portion of the terminal circumferential groove 50b is R2, a maximum depth in the tire radial direction trd from the tread surface (11) to a groove bottom 55a of the central circumferential groove 50a is D1, a maximum depth in the tire radial direction trd from the tread surface (11) to a groove bottom 55b of the terminal circumferential groove 50b is D2, and a relationship of R1/D1?0.130 and a relationship of R2/D2>0.195 are satisfied.

Abstract: According to an ignition device, a first switching unit applies a voltage between electrodes of by spark plug by turning on/off energization from an on-vehicle battery to a primary coil. Further, a second switching unit applies a voltage having the same direction as a spark discharge generated by turning on/off the first switching unit between the electrodes of the spark plug by supplying electrical energy accumulated in a booster circuit into a primary coil. Accordingly, it is possible to greatly reduce a complexity of the on/off switching of the first and second switching units compared to a conventional technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming at least one circumferential belt layer of a pneumatic tire comprising: winding the strip for a half length of an outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane from a widthwise inner side of the belt end region; winding the strip for the remaining half length while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from a widthwise inner to outer side; winding the strip for the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane; winding the strip for the half length of the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from the widthwise outer to inner side; and winding the strip for the remaining half length along the tire equatorial plane.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus includes an adjuster. The adjuster adjusts, according to at least one of a primary voltage and a secondary voltage detected by a voltage detector, at least one of an application timing and an application level of auxiliary electrical energy to an ignition coil while main electrical energy is applied to a spark plug by the ignition coil. The application timing includes whether the auxiliary electrical energy is applied to the ignition coil.

Abstract: An ignition control apparatus of the present embodiment controls operation of an ignition plug provided so as to ignite an air-fuel mixed gas.

Abstract: An ignition device includes an ignition coil with a primary coil and a secondary coil, a spark plug with center and ground electrodes for discharge therebetween, and a voltage limiting circuit. The voltage limiting circuit limits voltage applied between the electrodes of the spark plug such that the voltage has an absolute value limited within a predetermined voltage limiting value. The voltage limiting value is differentiated from each other in first and second stages. The first stage is defined as a period in which an initial discharge peak ends, the initial discharge peak being initially generated by electric energy. The second stage is defined as a period after the end of the initial discharge peak. The voltage limiting value in the first stage is lower than the voltage limiting value in the second stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming at least one circumferential belt layer of a pneumatic tire comprising: winding the strip for a half length of an outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane from a widthwise inner side of the belt end region; winding the strip for the remaining half length while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from a widthwise inner to outer side; winding the strip for the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane; winding the strip for the half length of the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from the widthwise outer to inner side; and winding the strip for the remaining half length along the tire equatorial plane.

Abstract: An ignition device includes an ignition coil with a primary coil and a secondary coil, a spark plug with center and ground electrodes for discharge therebeteween, and a voltage limiting circuit. The voltage limiting circuit limits voltage applied between the electrodes of the spark plug such that the voltage has an absolute value limited within a predetermined voltage limiting value. The voltage limiting value is differentiated from each other in first and second stages. The first stage is defined as a period in which an initial discharge peak ends, the initial discharge peak being initially generated by electric energy. The second stage is defined as a period after the end of the initial discharge peak. The voltage limiting value in the first stage is lower than the voltage limiting value in the second stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming at least one circumferential belt layer of a pneumatic tire comprising: winding the strip for a half length of an outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane from a widthwise inner side of the belt end region; winding the strip for the remaining half length while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from a widthwise inner to outer side; winding the strip for the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane; winding the strip for the half length of the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from the widthwise outer to inner side; and winding the strip for the remaining half length along the tire equatorial plane.

Abstract: In the tire (1), a region of the tread portion (10) overlapping with a range of 80% of a length of the circumferential belt layer (40) in a tread widthwise direction around a tire equator line CL is a central region CR in the tire radial direction trd, and a remaining region of the tread portion (10) is a terminal region TR, a maximum curvature radius of the arc portion of the central circumferential groove 50a is R1, a minimum curvature radius of the arc portion of the terminal circumferential groove 50b is R2, a maximum depth in the tire radial direction trd from the tread surface (11) to a groove bottom 55a of the central circumferential groove 50a is D1, a maximum depth in the tire radial direction trd from the tread surface (11) to a groove bottom 55b of the terminal circumferential groove 50b is D2, and a relationship of R1/D1?0.130 and a relationship of R2/D2>0.195 are satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming at least one circumferential belt layer of a pneumatic tire comprising: winding the strip for a half length of an outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane from a widthwise inner side of the belt end region; winding the strip for the remaining half length while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from a widthwise inner to outer side; winding the strip for the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass along the tire equatorial plane; winding the strip for the half length of the outer circumferential length of the crown portion of the carcass while shifting the strip for the width of the strip from the widthwise outer to inner side; and winding the strip for the remaining half length along the tire equatorial plane.

Abstract: In an engine ignition system, an igniter for an ignition coil is connected to an ECU through a signal wire. The signal wire is grounded via the collector and the emitter of a bipolar transistor of an output circuit of the igniter. A constant current source outputs a current to the base of the bipolar transistor. Switching transistors are connected between the emitter and base of the bipolar transistor. When all the switching transistors are turned off, the bipolar transistor is turned on.

Abstract: In an engine ignition system, an igniter for an ignition coil is connected to an ECU through a signal wire. The signal wire is grounded via the collector and the emitter of a bipolar transistor of an output circuit of the igniter. A constant current source outputs a current to the base of the bipolar transistor. Switching transistors are connected between the emitter and base of the bipolar transistor. When all the switching transistors are turned off, the bipolar transistor is turned on.