Abstract: An IP encapsulator in a broadcast distributing system divides broadcast data received from an image distributing source into packets, and IP-encapsulates the packets. The IP encapsulator transmits the IP-encapsulated packets to a subscriber line terminal (SLT) via a network. The SLT includes a memory that stores therein broadcast data, and performs TOS control and transfer-route switching control based on memory occupancy of the SLT.

Abstract: An IP encapsulator in a broadcast distributing system divides broadcast data received from an image distributing source into packets, and IP-encapsulates the packets. The IP encapsulator transmits the IP-encapsulated packets to a subscriber line terminal (SLT) via a network. The SLT includes a memory that stores therein broadcast data, and performs TOS control and transfer-route switching control based on memory occupancy of the SLT.

Abstract: A method for classifying and counting nucleated bone marrow cells comprises the steps of: (1) mixing a sample of bone marrow fluid with an erythrocyte lysing agent to lyse erythrocytes in the sample and render leukocytic cells and erythroid cells in the sample suitable for staining, and staining the sample with a fluorescent dye for producing a difference in intensity of fluorescence between the leukocytic cells and the erythroid cells; (2) introducing the resulting sample to a flow cytometer to detect at least one kind of scattered light and at least one kind of fluorescence; (3) classifying and counting nucleated bone marrow cells, the leukocytic cells and the erythroid cells with use of a difference in the intensity of the fluorescence and the scattered light; (4) calculating the ratio of the nucleated bone marrow cells to the erythroid cells or leukocytic cells from the obtained erythroid cell count or leukocytic cell count and the obtained nucleated bone marrow cell count; and (5) calculating the ratio o

Abstract: A method for discriminating and counting erythroblasts comprises the steps of: (i) staining leukocytes in a hematologic sample by adding a fluorescent labeled antibody capable of binding specifically with leukocytes to the hematologic sample; (ii) raising the permeability only of cell membranes of erythroblasts in the hematologic sample to a nucleotide fluorescent dye which does not permeate a cell membrane usually, the nucleotide fluorescent dye having a fluorescent spectrum capable of being distinguished from that of a fluorescent labeling compound of the fluorescent labeled antibody in step (i); (iii) staining nuclei of the erythroblasts in the hematologic sample with the nucleotide fluorescent dye; (iv) subjecting the hematologic sample to flowcytometry to detect at least two fluorescent signals from each cell; and (v) discriminating and counting the erythroblasts from difference in intensity between the at least two fluorescent signals.

Abstract: A wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system for multiplexing a plurality of optical signals of the wavelength different from each other. The system comprises a first converter converting the plurality of optical signals whose wavelengths are different from each other, into a plurality of electric signals, a generator generating check symbols for the plurality of electric signals input from the first converter, a second converter converting the check symbols input from the generator, into optical signals whose wavelengths are different from the plurality of optical signals, a multiplexer multiplexing and sending out the plurality of optical signals and the optical signals input from the second converter, and an isolator isolating the multiplexed optical signal input from the multiplexer.

Abstract: A method for classifying and counting leukocytes comprises the steps of: (1) adding to a hematological sample the following fluorescence-labeled antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes which emit fluorescences distinguishable from each other; (a) a first fluorescence-labeled antibody (1st antibody) which bonds specifically to leukocytes, (b) a second fluorescence-labeled antibody (2nd antibody) which bonds to at least one kind of neutrophilic cells, and (c) a third fluorescence-labeled antibody (3rd antibody) which bonds to at least one kind of immature granulocytic cells, in order to stain leukocytic cells in the sample, and removing erythrocytes from the sample; (2) analyzing the resulting sample using a flow cytometer to measure at least one scattered light signal and three separate fluorescence signals; (3) defining a group of granulocytic cells on the basis of intensity of the scattered light and intensity of fluorescence from the 1st antibody; (4) defining neutrophilic cells in the defined group of gra

Abstract: A method for discriminating and counting erythroblasts comprises the steps of: (i) staining leukocytes in a hematologic sample by adding a fluorescent labeled antibody capable of binding specifically with leukocytes to the hematologic sample; (ii) raising the permeability only of cell membranes of erythroblasts in the hematologic sample to a nucleotide fluorescent dye which does not permeate a cell membrane usually, the nucleotide fluorescent dye having a fluorescent spectrum capable of being distinguished from that of a fluorescent labeling compound of the fluorescent labeled antibody in step (i); (iii) staining nuclei of the erythroblasts in the hematologic sample with the nucleotide fluorescent dye; (iv) subjecting the hematologic sample to flowcytometry to detect at least two fluorescent signals from each cell; and (v) discriminating and counting the erythroblasts from difference in intensity between the at least two fluorescent signals.

Abstract: Reagents and a method for simple and rapid discrimination and counting of erythroblasts in peripheral blood or circulatory system-related samples accurately with high precision is disclosed. The reagents include a hemolytic agent for dissolving erythrocytes in a body fluid sample and for conditioning leukocytes and erythroblasts in the sample to be suitable for staining, and including at least one fluorescent dye selected to stain leukocytes and erythroblasts differentially. When the selected fluorescent dye is mixed with the sample, a detectable difference in fluorescence intensity at least between leukocytes and erythroblasts arises under laser illumination in flow cytometric analysis. The reagents further include surfactant added to the hemolytic agent, selected to enable flow cytometric discrimination of erythroblasts in the body fluid sample by their maturation stages.

Abstract: A method for classifying and counting nucleated bone marrow cells comprises the steps of: (1) mixing a sample of bone marrow fluid with an erythrocyte lysing agent to lyse erythrocytes in the sample and render leukocytic cells and erythroid cells in the sample suitable for staining, and staining the sample with a fluorescent dye for producing a difference in intensity of fluorescence between the leukocytic cells and the erythroid cells; (2) introducing the resulting sample to a flow cytometer to detect at least one kind of scattered light and at least one kind of fluorescence; (3) classifying and counting nucleated bone marrow cells, the leukocytic cells and the erythroid cells with use of a difference in the intensity of the fluorescence and the scattered light; (4) calculating the ratio of the nucleated bone marrow cells to the erythroid cells or leukocytic cells from the obtained erythroid cell count or leukocytic cell count and the obtained nucleated bone marrow cell count; and (5) calculating the ratio o

Abstract: The optical communication system employs PON system. An office device includes a pair of an optical transmitting/receiving devices. A subscriber line, which is a single core optical fiber, is connected to the optical transmitting/receiving devices at each terminal to form a loop network. Subscriber devices are connected to the network via passive optical branching/coupling elements. When the office device transmits a test signal, the subscriber devices transmit response signals corresponding to the test signal. The office device specifies fault point based on the response signals received by the optical transmitting/receiving devices.

Abstract: A method for discriminating and counting erythroblasts comprises the steps of: (i) staining leukocytes in a hematologic sample by adding a fluorescent labeled antibody capable of binding specifically with leukocytes to the hematologic sample; (ii) raising the permeability only of cell membranes of erythroblasts in the hematologic sample to a nucleotide fluorescent dye which does not permeate a cell membrane usually, the nucleotide fluorescent dye having a fluorescent spectrum capable of being distinguished from that of a fluorescent labeling compound of the fluorescent labeled antibody in step (i); (iii) staining nuclei of the erythroblasts in the hematologic sample with the nucleotide fluorescent dye; (iv) subjecting the hematologic sample to flowcytometry to detect at least two fluorescent signals from each cell; and (v) discriminating and counting the erythroblasts from difference in intensity between the at least two fluorescent signals.

Abstract: In an optical subscriber network system which connects plural optical network units to an optical service unit using passive optical elements through an optical transmission line, the optical transmission line is duplexed with a lower cost. The optical service unit and the optical network units each have plural transmission-reception portions the wavelengths of which are different from each other, and the inputs and outputs of the plural transmission-reception portions are multiplexed with the wavelengths (WDM) into a single optical transmission line to form a pseudo redundant communication path between the optical service unit and the optical network units. The communication which uses a certain wavelength between the optical service unit and the optical network units is active, and the communication which uses another wavelength is a standby. When the active communication has a fault, a switchover operation to the standby communication is performed.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical subscriber network system which can secure dual construction of optical transmission/reception sections of optical network units, specification of a failed faulty point in optical transmission lines and reception circuits of the optical network units and regular timing transmission of upstream data. The optical subscriber network system has a passive optical network construction wherein a plurality of network units are accommodated in a station apparatus through an optical transmission line using a passive optical element, and includes bypass transmission lines for mutual supervision control between the network units. A network unit mutual supervision control signal is communicated between the network units through the bypass transmission lines.

Abstract: A reagent for classification and counting of leukocytes, the reagent containing at least one dye which has the following structural formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl group or an alkyl group, Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or a carbon atom having a lower alkyl group, n denotes 0, 1 or 2, and X.sup.- represents an anion,and specifically binds to RNA to increase in fluorescence intensity, and a method for classification and counting of leukocytes which uses the reagent, whereby abnormal cells such as immature leukocytes and abnormal leukocytes can be classified and counted easily and highly accurately, and at the same time, classification and counting of normal leukocytes as well as the counting of leukocytes can be performed.

Abstract: A hematological sample is treated with a hemolytic agent that maintains immature leukocytes in a viable state and damages other leukocytes. The damaged leukocytes are stained with a fluorochrome which can stain damaged cells. At least one kind of scattered light and at least one kind of fluorescence of the treated and stained blood cells are measured to classify and count leukocytes based on the intensities of the scattered light and the fluorescence. Highly precise measurement of immature leukocytes and simultaneous classification and counting of normal leukocytes are achieved.

Abstract: A reagent and a method for classifying leukocytes with a flow cytometer by means of optical measurements on fluorochrome-stained blood cells are included.The reagent and the method are useful in the practice of clinical testing.

Abstract: A reagent for measuring reticulocytes which has at least one dye which specifically stains reticulocytes and at least one dye which specifically stains leukocytes.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy groups; R.sub.4 is hydrogen atom, an acyl group or a lower alkyl group; R.sub.5 is hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group; Z is sulfur atom, oxygen atom or carbon atom substituted with a lower alkyl group; n is 1 or 2; and X.sup.- is an anion.

Abstract: A cytoanalyzer includes a flow cell for aligning cells and permitting the same to pass therethrough, a semiconductor light emitting device for emitting a laser beam to the cells passing through the flow cell, and a light-detecting device having at least two separate photosensing portions capable of sensing two types of light scattered by each of the cells. The alignment of the cytoanalyzer may be achieved by comparing intensities of light on the at least two separate photosensing portions.

Abstract: A method for classifying and counting leukocytes which includes the steps of (i) adding a first reagent used for classifying leukocytes into four groups which contains, (a) at least one ionic surfactant in a sufficient amount to lyse erythrocytes and to damage a part of cell membrane of leukocytes, (b) at least one organic compound having an anionic group in a sufficient amount to bond with a cationic component present in leukocytes to give morphological differences between leukocytes, (c) a nonionic surfactant, and (d) a buffer for adjusting pH, to a part of a blood sample to determine information on the cell size and morphological features in order to classify leukocytes into four groups consisting of three groups corresponding to lymphocytes, mononuclear cells and eosinophils and one group corresponding to neutrophils and basophils; (ii) adding a second reagent used for measuring basophils to another part of the blood sample to determine information on at least the cell size in order to classify basophils,