Abstract: A biological-matter-adhesive substrate includes a base having a surface having a hydrophilicity configured to allow a biological matter to be bonded to the surface of the base. The surface of the base is covered with an acidic solution. This biological-matter-adhesive substrate maintains adhesiveness to a biological matter even if being stored for a long period of time.

Abstract: A filter device is configured to filter a sample containing a liquid component and plural solid components mixed with the liquid component. The filter device includes a filter part, and a capturing-retaining mechanism. The filter part is configured to capture the solid components and to allow the liquid component to pass through the filter part. The capturing-retaining mechanism is configured to prevent the captured solid components from being removed from the filter part when the sample passes through the filter part. The filter device has high filter performance.

Abstract: An alignment mark having high precision and good visibility is formed in a simple manner without modification of a manufacturing line or a significant increase of man hours and a flat panel display is manufactured at low cost and with good productivity. To achieve this, the method includes a step of forming a photosensitive film on a substrate, a step of forming an alignment mark by exposing the photosensitive film by using an exposing mask, and a step of performing position alignment by recognizing the alignment mark in an undeveloped state of the photosensitive film.