Abstract: A fiber sensor comprising: an optical waveguide unit having a measurement surface formed at an end of an optical waveguide; and a channel unit through which a specimen, serving as a measurement object to be measured by contact with the measurement surface, is caused to flow in and out via a specimen channel, wherein the optical waveguide is fixed to the optical waveguide unit such that the measurement surface forms a part of a channel wall surface of the channel unit, and the optical waveguide unit is provided so as to be detachable from the channel unit.

Abstract: A connecting member which is formed by filling a mold with a resin composition and then solidifying the resin composition, the connecting member having one end face in which a plurality of fine holes of a ? or less are arrayed in a row with a pitch P therebetween, and guide pin insertion holes are formed on either side of the fine holes, wherein the resin composition is comprised of a resin and a filler mixed therein, and wherein the space (P?a) between the fine holes meets the following formula; Dm<(P?a)<Dmax, in which Dmax represents the largest diameter of the filler particles, and Dm represents the most frequent diameter of the filler particles.

Abstract: A connecting member which is formed by filling a mold with a resin composition and then solidifying the resin composition, the connecting member having one end face in which a plurality of fine holes of a? or less are arrayed in a row with a pitch P therebetween, and guide pin insertion holes are formed on either side of the fine holes, wherein the resin composition is comprised of a resin and a filler mixed therein, and wherein the space (P?a) between the fine holes meets the following formula; Dm<(P?a)<Dmax, in which Dmax represents the largest diameter of the filler particles, and Dm represents the most frequent diameter of the filler particles.

Abstract: A connecting member which is formed by filling a mold with a resin composition and then solidifying the resin composition, the connecting member having one end face in which a plurality of fine holes of a ? or less are arrayed in a row with a pitch P therebetween, and guide pin insertion holes are formed on either side of the fine holes, wherein the resin composition is comprised of a resin and a filler mixed therein, and wherein the space (P?a) between the fine holes meets the following formula; Dm<(P?a)<Dmax, in which Dmax represents the largest diameter of the filler particles, and Dm represents the most frequent diameter of the filler particles.

Abstract: A fiber sensor comprising: an optical waveguide unit having a measurement surface formed at an end of an optical waveguide; and a channel unit through which a specimen, serving as a measurement object to be measured by contact with the measurement surface, is caused to flow in and out via a specimen channel, wherein the optical waveguide is fixed to the optical waveguide unit such that the measurement surface forms a part of a channel wall surface of the channel unit, and the optical waveguide unit is provided so as to be detachable from the channel unit.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission system for vehicles enables the engine speed under a high torque to be as small as possible, while ameliorating undesirable vibrations and/or noise in a passenger compartment. The transmission system includes a device for detecting noise and/or vibrations and a comparative device for comparing the actual noise and/or vibrations with predetermined acceptable noise and vibration levels.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission means for vehicles which enables the engine speed under a high torque to be as small as possible, while ameliorating undesirable noise in a passenger compartment. The transmission means includes a device for detecting a noise and a comparator device for comparing the actual booming noise with a predetermined allowable noise level.

Abstract: An ignition timing regulating device for use in an internal combustion engine for regulating the ignition timing of the engine depending on the pressure of ambient atmosphere. Based on the fact that the pressure in the intake manifold of the engine is equal to the pressure of ambient atmosphere in the starting stage of the engine, the output of a pressure sensor sensing the intake manifold pressure in the engine is applied to an atmospheric pressure sensing circuit so as to sense the value of atmospheric pressure in the engine starting stage, and the output of this atmospheric pressure sensing circuit is used for correcting the ignition timing of the engine.

Abstract: An ignition timing control system for an internal combustion engine in which an angular position of the internal combustion engine is detected, and on the basis of the signal thus obtained by detection, the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine is determined by calculation in a computing device. A knocking condition is judged by a detection signal produced from a knocking detector of the internal combustion engine, and the ignition timing is corrected by the judgement of knocking. In view of the fact that the knocking occurs only during a certain period of the driving cycle of the internal combustion engine, a knocking condition is judged by comparing a detection signal produced from the knocking detector during the time in the absence of knocking with a detection signal produced during the time in the presence of knocking.

Abstract: Method and system for controlling ignition timing includes the steps of and means for discriminating when the time interval between knocking indicative signal pulses is shorter than a particular time period, and controlling ignition timing at a rate related to the frequency of occurrence of knocking to prevent the knocking from occurring. A pulse train is generated having an interval shorter than that of the knocking signal pulse train when the interval of the knocking signal pulse is shorter than the particular time period. The generated pulse train is fed to a control circuit for determining the time by which ignition pulses should be delayed.

Abstract: It is discriminated in an ignition timing control system for an internal combustion engine whether the ignition timing arithmetically calculated on the basis of sensed operating conditions of the engine lies within a predetermined range of ignition timing. When the result of discrimination indicates that the calculated ignition timing lies within the predetermined range, ignition occurs at that instant, while when the result of discrimination indicates that the calculated ignition timing does not lie within the predetermined range, the result of calculation is disregarded, and ignition occurs at a predetermined instant.

Abstract: An ignition timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine detects the rotational angle and intake vacuum of the engine to control the ignition timing of the engine in accordance with the computation of computing means on the detected signals, and on the other hand the vibration of the engine is detected to detect the occurrence of knock and thereby to correct the ignition timing in response to the detection of knock.

Abstract: An ignition timing control system is provided with an ignition timing computing unit which determines a maximum acceleration ignition advance .alpha. ACMAX in accordance with an intake pressure difference P and a water temperature T of the engine. When an acceleration is detected by a rapid movement of an acceleration pedal, the maximum acceleration ignition advance is added to the normal ignition advance. Thereafter, the maximum acceleration ignition advance is gradually reduced to zero in accordance with the lapse of time or a change in the engine speed.

Abstract: A knocking detector for an internal combustion engine includes a vibration unit comprising an inertial mass member and springs which are mounted in a housing attached to an engine body. The spring constants of the springs are so selected that the resonant frequency of the vibration unit becomes substantilly equal to the frequency of vibration due to knocking of the engine, and the vibration of the vibration unit is detected and converted into an electric signal.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine comprises knock detecting means for detecting knocking of the engine, and ignition timing control means for controlling the ignition timing of the engine in response to the presence or absence of the knocking condition. The knock detecting means detects the pressure in the cylinders of the engine to detect the occurrence of knocking by the fact that the detected pressure includes a high frequency pressure variation. The ignition timing control means is responsive to the output of the knock detecting means, whereby as long as no knocking is detected the ignition timing is controlled to provide the minimum advance for best torque (MBT) and ensure improved engine power efficiency and fuel consumption, whereas when knocking is detected the ignition timing is retarded in relation to the minimum advance for maximum torque (MBT) to prevent the engine from knocking.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine is described, including an ignition timing control apparatus which is useful for cleaning the exhaust gas and saving fuel, which ignition timing control apparatus is controlled by first, second and third control signals in which the first control signal represents the rotating speed of a crank shaft, the second control signal represents the value of the negative pressure in an intake manifold and the third control signal indicates that the internal combustion engine is idle.