Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide cephalosporin crystals which are highly stable for a long period under economical storage conditions. The cephalosporin crystals of the invention are obtainable by crystallizing an oily cephalosporin in a solvent containing an alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ozonide reducing agent for use in the ozonolysis reaction of an organic compound, the ozonide reducing agent finding wide applications, and being safe and inexpensive from a commercial viewpoint and easy to treat for disposal.The ozonide reducing agent of the invention is a compound wherein sulfur has, at both ends of its molecule, a hydrocarbon residue substituted by a polar functional group.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a .beta.-lactam compound and a 2-substituted methyl-3-cephem compound, both of which are of value as intermediates for the synthesis of cephem antibiotics.The .beta.-lactam compound of the invention may be represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a protected amino group, for instance; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, for instance; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 represents an aryl group which may be substituted; R.sup.5 represents an alkenyl group which may be substituted, for instance. The 2-substituted methyl-3-cephem compound of the invention may be represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above; R.sup.6 represents an aryl group which may be substituted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a cephem compound represented by the general formula (3) characterized in that an allenyl-.beta.-lactam compound represented by the general formula (1) is reacted with an organotin compound represented by the general formula (2) in the presence of a monovalent copper salt ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, amino or protected amino, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkoxyl, lower acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyl having hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl as a substituent, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form=0 when taken together, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protecting group, R.sup.4 is aryl, aryl having a substituent, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group or nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group having a substituent, and m is 0 or 2,(R.sup.5).sub.n --Sn(R.sup.6).sub.4--n (2)wherein R.sup.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a process for preparing a 3-substituted cephem compound from an allenyl-.beta.-lactam compound which can be easily produced from an inexpensive penicillin compound by a simple reaction procedure.The process of the invention comprises reacting an allenyl-.beta.-lactam compound with an organohalogen compound in the presence of a metal having a standard oxidation-reduction potential of -0.3 (V/SCE) or less in an amount at least equimolar with the allenyl-.beta.-lactam compound and 0.0001 to 0.5 mole, per mole of the allenyl-.beta.-lactam compound, of a metal compound having a higher standard oxidation-reduction potential than said metal.

Abstract: A penam derivative of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 means hydrogen, halogen, amino or protected amino; R.sup.2 means hydrogen, halogen, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower alkyl, hydroxy- or protected hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy or protected hydroxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may jointly represent oxo; R.sup.3 means hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 means hydrogen; R.sup.5 means a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 Y where Y means halogen, --N.sub.3, --ONO.sub.2, --OR.sup.6, --OCOR.sup.6, --SCSOR.sup.6, --SCSN(R.sup.6).sub.2, --SR.sup.6, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.6, --NHR.sup.6, --N(R.sup.6).sub.2 or a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having a free valence on nitrogen; R.sup.6 means a lower alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group which is substituted or unsubstituted; or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may jointly represent .dbd.CH.sub.2 ; n means 0, 1 or 2; provided, however, that where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 jointly represent .dbd.CH.sub.2, n is not equal to 0.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a .beta.-lactam compound and a 2-substituted methyl-3-cephem compound, both of which are of value as intermediates for the synthesis of cephem antibiotics.The .beta.-lactam compound of the invention may be represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a protected amino group, for instance; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen for instance; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group; R.sup.4 represents an aryl group which may be substituted; R.sup.5 represents an alkenyl group which may be substituted, for instance. The 2-substituted methyl-3-cephem compound of the invention may be represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above; R.sup.6 represents an aryl group which may be substituted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thiazolinoazetidinone derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is phenyl having or not having substituent(s), methyl having or not having substituent(s) or ##STR2## group, R.sup.3 being phenyl having or not having substituent(s), and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protective group, and a process for preparing the same.The present invention further provides a process for preparing a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative characterized by hydrolyzing the thiazoline ring of a thiazolinoazetidinone derivative of the above formula (1) to effect recyclization and obtain a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thiazolinoazetidinone derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is phenyl having or not having substituent(s), methyl having or not having substituent(s) or ##STR2## group, R.sup.3 being phenyl having or not having substituent(s), and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protective group, and a process for preparing the same.The present invention further provides a process for preparing a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative characterized by hydrolyzing the thiazoline ring of a thiazolinoazetidinone derivative of the above formula (1) to effect recyclization and obtain a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a cephem derivative characterized in that an allenyl .beta.-lactam compound represented by the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or protected amino, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or lower alkoxyl, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protecting group and X is the group --SO.sub.2 R.sup.4 or --SR.sup.4, R.sup.4 being substituted or unsubstituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group is reacted with a nucleophilic agent to obtain the derivative, the cephem derivative being represented by the formula (2) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, and Y is the residue of the nucleophilic agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a 2-exo-methylenepenam derivative represented by the formula (2), the process being characterized by reacting an allenyl .beta.-lactum compound represented by the formula (1) with a metallic reducing agent, in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a 3-formylcephem derivative represented by the formula (2) ##STR1## which comprises oxidizing in the presence of oxygen a 3-halomethylcephem derivative represented by the formula (1) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is amino group or protected amino group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or a carboxylic acid protective group, X is halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for preparing a .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (2) and/or the corresponding enol tautomer, which includes oxidizing an alkenyl-substituted .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (1) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst or a rhenium catalyst using a periodic acid: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group which may have a substituent, A is a group selected from ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is an amino group or a protected amino group, and R.sup.4 -R.sup.8 are as defined in the application.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of producing a .beta.-lactam derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## said method consisting essentially of the step of reacting a .beta.-lactam derivative represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## with a phenol in a reaction system which consists essentially of said .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (II) and said phenol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a 3-exomethylenecepham of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or substituted amino and R.sup.2 is a carboxy-protecting group comprising reacting a cephem of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above and X is halogen with lead metal while maintaining the pH of the reaction system at about 0.1 to 8. The cephem (I) may be reacted with a catalytic amount of lead metal or a lead compound in the presence of a metal having a greater ionization tendency than lead.

Abstract: This invention provides azetidinone derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## and processes for preparing the same. The azetidinone derivatives are used as the intermediates for producing cephalosporin compounds useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: A process for preparing an azetidinone derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen or lower alkoxy, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkoxy, amino or a group ##STR2## (in which R.sup.5 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenylmethyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenoxymethyl, or substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl), or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken together, are carbonyl, R.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue or acyl, silyl, sulfonyl or phosphonyl derived from inorganic acid or organic acid, the process comprising reacting a dithioazetidinone derivative represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are as defined above and R.sup.9 is substituted or unsubstituted, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic residue with a compound represented by the formulaR.sup.3 SO.sub.2 H (VII)wherein R.sup.3 is defined above.

Abstract: This invention provides azetidinone derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## and processes for preparing the same. The azetidinone derivatives are used as the intermediates for producing cephalosporin compounds useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: This invention provides azetidinone derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## and processes for preparing the same. The azetidinone derivatives are used as the intermediates for producing cephalosporin compounds useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: A process for preparing cephalosporin compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, alkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted arylmethyl group or substituted or unsubstituted phenoxymethyl group, R.sup.2 represents a carboxyl group or protected carboxyl group, and Y represents the residue of a nucleophilic reagent.