Abstract: A projection display apparatus includes an image forming section that forms an image based on image information received from an external device, and a projection lens that projects the image formed by the image forming section. The projection display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting elements, a first driver and a second driver. The light emitting elements are two-dimensionally arranged on the substrate. The light emitting elements include rows of light emitting elements and columns of light emitting elements such that the rows are substantially perpendicular to the columns. The first driver element selectively drives the rows. The second driver element selectively drives the columns. The plurality of light emitting elements include three groups of light emitting elements aligned either in the rows or in the columns, each group emitting light of a different wavelength from the remaining groups.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an OCDM transceiver with which the reduction amount of the intensity of the correlation waveform signal is smaller than that of a conventional device of the same type in the decoding step that comprises a time gate processing step. Hence, in the OCDM transceiver of the present invention that comprises an encoding portion and a decoding portion, the decoding portion is constituted comprising a decoder, clock extractor, and time gate. The decoder decodes an encoded optical pulse signal and separates the encoded optical pulse signal into a clock signal extraction signal and an optical pulse signal playback signal. The clock extractor extracts a clock signal from the clock signal extraction signal. Further, the time gate removes only the auto-correlation waveform component from the optical pulse signal playback signal. The auto-correlation waveform component is converted to an electrical signal by means of an optical receiver and generated as a reception signal.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus includes an image forming section that forms an image based on image information received from an external device, and a projection lens that projects the image formed by the image forming section. The projection display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting elements, a first driver and a second driver. The light emitting elements are two-dimensionally arranged on the substrate. The light emitting elements include rows of light emitting elements and columns of light emitting elements such that the rows are substantially perpendicular to the columns. The first driver element selectively drives the rows. The second driver element selectively drives the columns. The plurality of light emitting elements include three groups of light emitting elements aligned either in the rows or in the columns, each group emitting light of a different wavelength from the remaining groups.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an OCDM transceiver with which the reduction amount of the intensity of the correlation waveform signal is smaller than that of a conventional device of the same type in the decoding step that comprises a time gate processing step. Hence, in the OCDM transceiver of the present invention that comprises an encoding portion and a decoding portion, the decoding portion is constituted comprising a decoder, clock extractor, and time gate. The decoder decodes an encoded optical pulse signal and separates the encoded optical pulse signal into a clock signal extraction signal and an optical pulse signal playback signal. The clock extractor extracts a clock signal from the clock signal extraction signal. Further, the time gate removes only the auto-correlation waveform component from the optical pulse signal playback signal. The auto-correlation waveform component is converted to an electrical signal by means of an optical receiver and generated as a reception signal.

Abstract: An optical coupling module has an optical device and a fiber plate which propagates light that enters into the optical device or light that is emitted from the optical device. The optical device is fixed on a surface of a substrate of the optical coupling module. The fiber plate has multiple bundled optical fibers that are arranged in parallel with optical axes of the optical device.

Abstract: A method of arranging optical fibers and to an optical fiber arranging module. The method of arranging optical fibers includes inserting terminal portions of the optical fibers in a holding space which has an enough width to hold the optical fibers, reducing the width of the space so that the optical fibers are brought close, and reducing a height of the space up to length of an external diameter of the optical fiber so as to line up facets of the optical fibers. The optical fiber arranging module includes a first restraining means for restraining width of a holding space which holds terminal portions of the optical fibers, the width of the terminal portions of the optical fibers are brought close, and a second restraining means for restraining height of the holding space up to length of an external diameter of the optical fiber so as to line up facets of the optical fibers.

Abstract: A method for a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of a hydrocarbon, which comprises: subjecting an alkane having a carbon number ranging from 3 to 8 and/or an alkene having a carbon number ranging from 2 to 8 to a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction to produce a vapor phase oxidation product in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst, wherein the reacion is conducted in the presence of particles substantially inert to the reaction in an amount within a range of the same amount as the amount of catalyst to 99 wt. % in all particles.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitrile, which comprises a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of an alkane with ammonia in the presence of an oxide catalyst of the empirical formula (1):Mo.sub.a V.sub.b Sb.sub.c X.sub.x O.sub.n (1)wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, B, In, Ce, an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal; when a=1, 0.1.ltoreq.b<0.99, 0.01.ltoreq.c<0.9, 0.ltoreq.x<0.89, and 0.11.ltoreq.(b+c+x)<1; and n is a number determined by the oxidized states of other elements.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitrile by a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of an alkane with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises supplying the alkane and ammonia to an upper stream inlet of the catalyst layer, and separately supplying at least a part of the total amount of ammonia to a downstream position of the catalyst layer located downstream from the upper stream inlet of the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of a nitrile from an alkane, which satisfies the following conditions 1 and 2:1 the catalyst is represented by the empirical formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b Te.sub.c X.sub.x O.sub.n (1)wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Bi, B and Ce,when a=1,b=0.01 to 1.0,c=0.01 to 1.0,x=0.01 to 1.0,and n is a number such that the total valency of the metal elements is satisfied; and2 the catalyst has X-ray diffraction peaks at the following angles of 2.theta. in its X-ray diffraction pattern:Diffractionangles of 2.theta. (.degree.)22.1.+-.0.328.2.+-.0.336.2.+-.0.345.2.+-.0.350.0.+-.0.3.

Abstract: A method for the production of maleic anhydride in which a hydrocarbon of 4 to 6 carbon atoms is subjected to a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst, characterized in that the metal oxide catalyst includes a metal oxide containing Mo, V, Te and X (X representing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Bi, B, In, P and Ce) as constituent elements thereof, and the proportion of Mo to the total metal elements in the metal oxide is 0.25 or greater in terms of the atomic ratio, and the atomic ratio of each of the other constituent elements V, Te and X with respect to Mo is in the range of 0.01-1.0.According to the method, the object maleic anhydride may be produced at a high yield using a hydrocarbon of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly n-butane, as the starting material.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst useful for producing a nitrile by a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction of an alkane with ammonia, which comprises drying a solution or slurry containing molybdenum, vanadium and tellurium by a spray drying method or a freeze-drying method and heat-treating the resulting dried product.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which comprises subjecting an alkane to a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst containing a mixed metal oxide comprising, as essential components, Mo, V, Te, O and X wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, platinum, antimony, bismuth, boron, indium and cerium, wherein the proportions of the respective essential components, based on the total amount of the essential components exclusive of oxygen, satisfy the following formulas:0.25<r.sub.Mo <0.980.003<r.sub.V <0.50.003<r.sub.Te <0.50.003<r.sub.X <0.5wherein r.sub.Mo, r.sub.V, r.sub.Te and r.sub.X are molar fractions of Mo, V, Te and X, respectively, based on the total amount of the essential components exclusive of oxygen.

Abstract: A process for producing a nitrile, which comprises subjecting an alkane and ammonia in the gaseous state to catalytic oxidation in the presence of a catalyst which satisfies the following conditions of (1) and (2):(1) the catalyst is represented by the empirical formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b Te.sub.c X.sub.x O.sub.n (1)wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sb, Bi, B and Ce,______________________________________ when a = 1, b = 0.01 to 1.0, c = 0.01 to 1.0, x = 0.01 to 1.0, ______________________________________and n is a number such that the total valency of the metal elements is satisfied; and(2) the catalyst has X-ray diffraction peaks at the following angles of 2.theta. in its X-ray diffraction pattern: ______________________________________ Diffraction angles of 2.theta. (.degree.) ______________________________________ 22.1 .+-. 0.3 28.2 .+-. 0.3 36.2 .+-. 0.3 45.2 .+-. 0.3 50.0 .+-. 0.3.

Abstract: A process for producing a nitrile, which comprises subjecting an alkane and ammonia in the gaseous state to catalytic oxidation in the presence of an oxide of the formula:Mo.sub.a V.sub.b Te.sub.c Nb.sub.d X.sub.x O.sub.n ( 1)wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, Tl, In, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Cr, Mn, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Zn, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, La and Ce,when a=1,b=0.01 to 1.0,c=0.01 to 1.0,d=0 to 1.0, andx=0.0005 to 1.0,and n is a number such that the total valency of the metal elements is satisfied.

Abstract: A method for preparing a lactam, which comprises subjecting a cycloalkanone oxime to a Beckmann rearrangement reaction in a gas phase in the presence of a carrier-supported catalyst containing tantalum, wherein the carrier-supported catalyst is the one prepared by contacting an organic compound containing tantalum to a silica carrier having pores with pore diameters of from to 150,000 .ANG. wherein the pore volume of pores with pore diameters of from 40 to 2,000 .ANG. is at least 80% of the total pore volume of pores with pore diameters of from 40 to 150,000 .ANG..

Abstract: An optical wavelength filter device capable of increasing the number of channels by narrowing a line width and widening a tuning width and comprising a first optical wavelength filter of a mode conversion type and a second optical wavelength filter of an interferometer type optically coupled with the first optical wavelength filter.

Abstract: A method for producing methyl isobutyl ketone, which comprises contacting acetone and hydrogen in the presence of palladium and a metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide treated with an organosilicon compound of the formula (I):R.sub.a.sup.1 (OR.sup.2).sub.b X.sub.c Si (I)wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and alkyl, vinyl and aryl groups having a total carbon number of at most 30, which may have substituents, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different from each other, X is an element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and a, b and c are 0.ltoreq.a<4, 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.4 and 0.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.4, respectively, and a+b+c=4.

Abstract: A process for preparing a sucrose fatty acid ester by interesterification between sucrose and a lower alkanol ester or glyceride of a fatty acid in the presence of an ion exchange resin is disclosed, wherein said ion exchange resin is a cation exchange resin having a carboxyl group having been ion-exchanged with an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. A sucrose fatty acid can be prepared in a high yield through a simplified recovery and purification step.

Abstract: In an electro-optic distributed coupler switch having a parallel rib geometry, a coupling enhancement region formed of the same material as the upper cladding layers but of lower step height is located between the ribs. By increasing the electric field strength, the coupling enhancement region enables the coupling length L.sub.c to be reduced.