Abstract: A drum cartridge includes a frame on which a toner cartridge is attachable, a photosensitive drum, and a drum memory. The drum cartridge relays information stored in the toner memory to the image forming apparatus when the toner cartridge is attached to the frame.

Abstract: Provided is hollow resin particles having higher compressive strength and more excellent heat insulating properties and heat resistance than before. The hollow resin particles each having one or two or more hollow portions, wherein a number average particle diameter is from 0.1 ?m to 9.0 ?m, a void ratio is from 70% to 99%, and an amount of the volatile organic compound contained is 5% by mass or less.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a protein production method capable of producing an active protein with high efficiency even at a low temperature, and a cell-free protein synthesis kit. A protein production method including producing a protein with a reaction solution of a cell-free protein synthesis system containing either one or both of a cold shock protein and a nucleic acid containing a coding region encoding an amino acid sequence of the cold shock protein. A cell-free protein synthesis kit including one or both of a cold shock protein and a nucleic acid containing a coding region encoding an amino acid sequence of the cold shock protein, and a reaction solution of a cell-free protein synthesis system.

Abstract: A chicken B cell that expresses a variety of human antibodies.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a chicken B cell that expresses a variety of human antibodies.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a template DNA used for protein synthesis comprising a step of amplifying a linear double-stranded DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by using a reaction solution comprising a first double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence coding for a protein or a portion thereof, a second double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 5? terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a third double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 3? terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a sense primer which anneals with the 5? terminal region of the second DNA fragment, and an anti-sense primer which anneals with the 3? terminal region of the third DNA fragment, wherein the second DNA fragment comprises a regulatory sequence for transcription and translation of a gene, and the concentrations of the second DNA fragment and the third DNA fragment in the reaction solution each range from 5 to 2,500 pmol/L.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a template DNA used for protein synthesis comprising a step of amplifying a linear double-stranded DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by using a reaction solution comprising a first double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence coding for a protein or a portion thereof, a second double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 5? terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a third double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 3? terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a sense primer which anneals with the 5? terminal region of the second DNA fragment, and an anti-sense primer which anneals with the 3? terminal region of the third DNA fragment, wherein the second DNA fragment comprises a regulatory sequence for transcription and translation of a gene, and the concentrations of the second DNA fragment and the third DNA fragment in the reaction solution each range from 5 to 2,500 pmol/L.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a template DNA used for protein synthesis comprising a step of amplifying a linear double-stranded DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by using a reaction solution comprising a first double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence coding for a protein or a portion thereof, a second double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 5? terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a third double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 3? terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a sense primer which anneals with the 5? terminal region of the second DNA fragment, and an anti-sense primer which anneals with the 3? terminal region of the third DNA fragment, wherein the second DNA fragment comprises a regulatory sequence for transcription and translation of a gene, and the concentrations of the second DNA fragment and the third DNA fragment in the reaction solution each range from 5 to 2,500 pmol/L.

Abstract: A method for producing a protein using a cell-free protein synthesis system comprising a detergent so that the protein can be synthesized without aggregation, is provided. The protein is a protein comprising a hydrophobic region in at least a portion thereof, for example, a membrane protein or its fragment (portion). And the detergent is a mild detergent which would not denature the protein, for example, a nonionic or amphoteric ionic detergent.

Abstract: A method for producing a protein suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis, in a cell-free protein synthesis system comprising a cell-free extract, a nucleic acid coding for said protein, and amino acids for the substrate of said protein, wherein said amino acids comprises at least one amino acid comprising a heavy atom, and wherein the introduced rate of said amino acid comprising the heavy atom into the synthesized protein is at least 80%.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a template DNA used for protein synthesis comprising a step of amplifying a linear double-stranded DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by using a reaction solution comprising a first double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence coding for a protein or a portion thereof, a second double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 5′ terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a third double-stranded DNA fragment comprising a sequence overlapping with the 3′ terminal region of the first DNA fragment, a sense primer which anneals with the 5′ terminal region of the second DNA fragment, and an anti-sense primer which anneals with the 3′ terminal region of the third DNA fragment, wherein the second DNA fragment comprises a regulatory sequence for transcription and translation of a gene, and the concentrations of the second DNA fragment and the third DNA fragment in the reaction solution each range from 5 to 2,500 pmol/L.

Abstract: A method for producing a protein using a cell-free protein synthesis system comprising a detergent so that the protein can be synthesized without aggregation, is provided. The protein is a protein comprising a hydrophobic region in at least a portion thereof, for example, a membrane protein or its fragment (portion). And the detergent is a mild detergent which would not denature the protein, for example, a nonionic or amphoteric ionic detergent.

Abstract: A method for producing a protein suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis, in a cell-free protein synthesis system comprising a cell-free extract, a nucleic acid coding for said protein, and amino acids for the substrate of said protein, wherein said amino acids comprises at least one amino acid comprising a heavy atom, and wherein the introduced rate of said amino acid comprising the heavy atom into the synthesized protein is at least 80%.

Abstract: A continuous casting machine comprising a tundish for pouring molten metal to be cast into a mould, a mould for cooling the supplied molten metal into a billet in a semi-solidified state to be withdrawn downward, and a cooling guide provided immediately beneath the mould and promoting the cooling of the billet emerging from the mould, said cooling guide consisting of cooling guide blocks each urged against each corner of the billet via a spring and having cooling medium intervening between each block and corresponding billet corner.