Abstract: In an ink jet recording head including a silicon substrate and at least one ink chamber and at least one ink pool, which are formed in the silicon substrate with a partition wall therebetween, an opening portion is formed in a position corresponding to an apex of the ink pool of one surface of the silicon substrate on which an opening portion for etching the ink chamber is formed and anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate through the opening portion is performed such that an etching from a bottom of the ink pool and the etching from the opening portion are connected to each other immediately below the opening portion to absorb deviation between etching patterns on both surfaces of the silicon substrate to thereby reduce a variation of thickness of the partition wall and to reduce an influence of such deviation on an ink filling function and an ink jetting function of the ink jet recording head.

Abstract: A digital printer of the present invention employs a single laser depress unit. In a prepress process, an impression cylinder is used as a plate retention member for holding four printing plates. Image formation on the four printing plates held on the impression cylinder is achieved by way of the single laser prepress unit disposed adjacent to the periphery of the impression cylinder. The printing plates thus prepressed are transported from the impression cylinder to plate cylinders. After the printing plates are mounted on the plate cylinders, a printing sheet is fed from a sheet feeding section to the impressing cylinder via a loading unit. Dampening water and color ink is applied to the plate cylinders 17 from dampening water units and inking units, respectively. The various colors of ink are respectively transferred onto blanket cylinders from the plate cylinder, and further transferred from the blanket cylinders onto the printing sheet on the impression cylinder.

Abstract: According to the method of synthesizing a image from a plurality of images, each of the luminance I.sub.p1xy -I.sub.pNxy of each of the pixel p.sub.1xy -p.sub.Nxy positioned at the same coordinates (x,y) of N images P.sub.1 -P.sub.N are compared with each of the predetermined threshold luminance T.sub.1 -T.sub.N corresponding to images P.sub.1 -P.sub.N, wherein "N" is a natural number greater than 1. If the luminance I.sub.p1xy -I.sub.pNxy of the pixels p.sub.1xy -p.sub.Nxy are all greater than the corresponding threshold T.sub.1 -T.sub.N of corresponding image, the synthesized pixel p.sub.xy at the coordinate (x,y) of a synthesized image is determined by synthesizing the pixels p.sub.1xy -p.sub.Nxy with predetermined synthesis ratio for each of the images P.sub.1 -P.sub.N. If the condition described above is not satisfied, the synthesized pixel p.sub.

Abstract: A screw mechanism is used to change the shut height of a mechanical press. A clearance between thread faces of a female screw and a male screw in this screw mechanism is shifted to one of the thread faces, on which an operating load of the press acts, by pressing the other thread face, which receives the operating load, by the action of a hydraulic force from a hydraulic cylinder mechanism, by which the clearance is always positioned on the side of one thread face. Since the female and male screws cannot rotate relatively and put in a lock state while the thread faces are pressed to one side, the position of a slide does not change even if the press is driven in this state. A hydraulic cylinder for quick die opening is provided separate from a hydraulic cylinder for locking the female and male screws in the shut height adjustment, by which the slide is moved upward or downward.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for the refining of oil and fat by which phospholipids in the oil and fat to be treated can be decomposed and removed efficiently. Particularly, it provides a process for the refining of oil and fat which comprises reacting, in an emulsion, the oil and fat with an enzyme having an activity to decompose glycerol-fatty acid ester bonds in glycerophospholipids (e.g., pancreas-derived phospholipase A.sub.2); and another process in which the enzyme-treated oil and fat is washed with water or an acidic aqueous solution. Preferably, the acidic aqueous solution to be used in the washing step is a solution of at least one acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid and salts thereof. Also, it is preferred that the emulsified condition is formed using 30 weight parts or more of water per 100 weight parts of the oil and fat.

Abstract: An apparatus for rapidly and accurately correcting the bottom dead center position of the slide of a mechanical press during the operation of the press. The apparatus includes a hollow cylindrical member, disposed between a slide and a die-height adjusting screw mechanism, that can be expanded or contracted along its axis. Also provided are a bottom dead center position setter, a bottom dead center position detector for detecting a bottom dead center position of the slide, and a force applying unit which supplies a contraction force to the hollow cylindrical member. A correction control unit controls the force applying unit to expand or contract the hollow cylindrical member in order to correct the slide bottom dead center position, so that a detected bottom dead center position coincides with the set bottom dead center position.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting bottom-dead-center position of a slide in mechanical press including a connecting rod 4 connected to a crank shaft 3, and a hydraulic cylinder 15 provided between the connecting rod 4 and a slide 5. The hydraulic cylinder 15 has a piston rod 16 having one end connected to the connecting rod 4, a cylinder body 17 capable of moving relative to the piston rod 16, a hydraulic chamber 27 formed below a piston portion 16A, and a pressure adjusting means 45 connected to this hydraulic chamber 27. An extending member 19 for connecting the connecting rod and the cylinder body is fitted around an outer periphery of the piston rod 16, and the adjustment of the bottom-dead-center position of the slide can be effected as the extending member 19 is extended by the adjustment of hydraulic pressure within the hydraulic chamber 27.

Abstract: A transfer press provided with a three-dimensional transfer system and a moving bolster. In the press, there are provided one each of four corners of the bolster an advancing/returning unit for performing an advancing/returning operation on a workpiece, a clamping/unclamping unit for performing a clamping/unclamping operation on the workpiece and a lifting/lowering unit for performing a lifting/lowering operation on the workpiece. The units include motors that make it possible for the bolster to carry a pair of feed bars thereon and permit the units to perform their operations even when the bolster is outside the press.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a press which corrects the spacing between an upper die and a lower die when the press is at bottom dead center. The apparatus includes a detector which is operative during each cycle of reciprocal movement of the press slide to detect the spacing between the upper and lower dies, a comparator which compares the detected spacing during each cycle with a prior spacing, an axially expansible/contractible piezoelectric actuator mounted on the press so that its axial length affects the spacing between the upper and lower dies when the press is at bottom dead center, and a drive circuit which is responsive to a deviation signal from the comparator to drive the actuator with a high voltage so as to expand or contract its axial length according to the difference between the detected and prior spacing of the dies.

Abstract: The temperature within a drying section of a photosensitive material processing apparatus is controlled at a proper standby temperature when there is no photosensitive material within the apparatus. The standby temperature is estimated from temperature increase characteristics with reference to the operating temperature of the apparatus and/or the length of time required for photosensitve material to arrive at the drying section.

Abstract: A device for venting fumes given off by an automatic developing system which includes a developing tank, a fixing tank and a cleansing tank. The device includes a cover for airtight placement over the system and a suction case provided on the inner surface of the cover. The suction case has pores directed toward the developing tank and the fixing tank. Fumes in the system are collected, under suction, through the pores.

Abstract: The invention provides a paper feed device for a printer which comprises a pin feed mechanism mounted for changing over movement between a pushing position and a drawing position, a guide plate for guiding sprocket paper to a platen from a position rearwardly of the pin feed mechanism in the pushing position, a pinch roller mounted on the guide plate for movement toward and away from the platen, a movable guide plate for guiding a cut sheet from between a front face of the pin feed mechanism and the platen to a contact point between the platen and the pinch roller, a pair of arms pivotally supported at opposite side ends of the movable guide plate, and supporting means located on opposite sides of the pin feed mechanism, the supporting means retracting the movable guide plate upwardly when the pin feed mechanism is changed over to the drawing position.

Abstract: A paper feed device of the invention comprises a transport gear connected in coaxial relationship to a transport roller interposed in a paper transporting route, a change-over arm which is rocked within a predetermined fixed range when the direction of rotation of a bidirectionally rotatable platen is reversed, and an idler gear mounted at a rocking free end of the change-over arm and connected to be normally rotated by power transmitted from the platen. The idler gear is selectively meshed with the transport gear in response to a rocking motion of the change-over arm, whereby a turning force of the platen is transmitted to the transport roller to transport paper only when the platen is rotated in one direction. Such a manner of transmission of rotation is attained without the necessity of a one-way clutch.

Abstract: A ribbon shifting device has a cassette holder for holding a multicolor ribbon cassette, which is moved in a predetermined direction by a cam. The cam is driven by a driving means through a gear train consisting of at least two gears. When the cassette holder is located at the home position, a recess formed in one of the meshing gear is brought opposite to the other gear, so that the gears are disengaged, and then an urging means urges the cam in a direction to bring the gears into engagement. Thus, the adjustment of the home position of the cassette holder is achieved simultaneously, accurately and easily.

Abstract: In a printer, a bail is attached to a wall of a supply chamber which contains a single supply roll. The bail has a pivot which allows the bail to pivot for providing access to the supply roll. A flexible web has one end attached to the wall of the supply chamber and the other end attached to a forward edge of the bail, and moves with the bail to resiliently contain blousing of paper from the supply roll.

Abstract: A C-frame press includes a C-shaped frame having a crown part and a bed part defining an opening therebetween, and spacers positioned in the opening and being sufficiently long for urging the crown part and the bed part apart in the vertical direction a distance sufficient to cause the frame to exert on the spacers a load which is at least a substantial part of the normal maximum press load exerted by the press on a workpiece. The press further has a slide reciprocal between the crown part and the bed part, a main shaft having a flywheel thereon and positioned laterally of the slide within the frame, eccentric discs rotatably mounted within the frame and driven from the main shaft, connecting rods extending substantially horizontally from the eccentric discs towards the upper portion of the slide and reciprocated by the eccentric discs, and a toggle mechanism mounted between the slide and the crown part and having a central shaft portion to which the connecting rods are connected.