Abstract: A line interfacing apparatus has terminating units connected to lines, a spare terminating unit, a line selector for connecting one of the lines to the spare terminating unit, and a termination controller. The termination controller has switches for switching connections between the terminating units and a switching unit of a higher apparatus. If any one of the terminating units fails, the line selector is controlled to switch the line connected to the failed terminating unit to the spare terminating unit. At the same time, the switches of the termination controller are controlled to supply signals from the spare terminating unit, instead of signals from the failed terminating unit, to the switching unit of the higher apparatus.

Abstract: A sample tilting device for use in an electron microscope provided with a microscope column in which a sample is illuminated by an electron beam. The sample is held in the microscope column and is removably supported by the microscope column so as to be capable of conically moving around a predetermined position. The sample is displacable in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the electron beam by way of a threadable coupling between a motor and the shaft, with the shaft being axially displacable. The motor is supported by the microscope column so as to be rotatable together with the sample around a line passing through a predetermined position and crossing the axis of the electron beam.

Abstract: An electron microscope with a television observation apparatus is equipped such that an observation image of the electron microscope on a television fluorescent screen and an image displayed on a cathode-ray tube through taking-in of the electron microscope observation image by a television camera are conformed to each other in up/down and right/left directions and composition. This can be realized by making the polarity of a deflection electrode of the television camera or a deflection electrode of the cathode-ray tube in a horizontal scanning direction reverse to a usual polarity, or by interposing an odd number of reflectors between the television fluorescent screen and the television camera.

Abstract: A time division electronic switching system including, as main structural elements, a central processing unit, a multi-frequency signal receiver unit, a signal processor and a time division switch including a speech path memory. Dial information from a subscriber or from another telephone office is detected in the multi-frequency signal receiver unit, the output of the multi-frequency signal receiver unit is written into the speech path memory, and an access circuit reads out the information written in the speech path memory and supplies it to the signal processor as read out information.