Abstract: A joining method includes: an additive manufacturing step for performing additive manufacturing of a joining pin in a machining region on a joining surface of a joining base material, by supplying a first shaping material to the machining region, and heating and melting for supplying a heat source to melt the shaping material; a disposing step for disposing a joining base material and a joining material having a through hole (H1) such that the joining pin passes through the through hole and protrudes from the through hole; and a machining step for forming a fixed protrusion that fixes the joining base material and the joining material by machining a protrusion of the joining pin protruding from the through hole. The outer circumferential shape of the fixed protrusion viewed from a pass-through direction is larger than that of an outlet of the through hole.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus forming an inclined shaped object on an additive target surface of a base substrate, includes a material supply unit supplying the build material to a machining area of the additive target surface, an emission unit emitting laser beam to the machining area to melt the build material, and a control device controlling formation of the inclined shaped object by controlling the material supply unit and the emission unit. The control device causes a first inclination bead to be formed on a top surface of a lower inclination bead layer, and then causes a second inclination bead in contact with the top surface of the lower inclination bead layer and a side surface of the first inclination bead, to be formed at a position where part of the bottom surface of the second inclination bead has no contact with the lower inclination bead layer.

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machine to cut a workpiece by generating an electrical discharge in a dielectric working fluid between wire electrodes arranged in parallel and the workpiece includes: a work tank that stores the dielectric working fluid; a Z-axis stage that is disposed in a lower portion of the work tank and moves the workpiece in a Z-axis direction that is a vertical direction; a pillar that extends upward from the Z-axis stage and has an upper end portion located above the highest level of a fluid level of the dielectric working fluid in the work tank; an adjuster that is installed downward from a portion of the pillar located above the highest level of the fluid level, is disposed above the highest level of the fluid level, and adjusts the position or posture of the workpiece in a direction other than the vertical direction.

Abstract: Provided is a bumper capable of improving a maneuvering stability of a vehicle. The bumper is a front bumper 7 to be attached to a front lower portion of a vehicle 1. Flow-straightening protrusions 31 each formed along a vehicular front-rear direction are provided on a lower portion of the front bumper 7 in a way such that they are aligned along a vehicular width direction across a region on an extended line 36 of a vehicular width direction inner end portion 2T of each of front wheels 2L, 2R of the vehicle 1. Thus, the occurrence of turbulent flows around the front wheels 2L, 2R can be restricted so that a vehicle stability can be improved.

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machine to cut a workpiece by generating an electrical discharge in a dielectric working fluid between wire electrodes arranged in parallel and the workpiece includes: a work tank that stores the dielectric working fluid; a Z-axis stage that is disposed in a lower portion of the work tank and moves the workpiece in a Z-axis direction that is a vertical direction; a pillar that extends upward from the Z-axis stage and has an upper end portion located above the highest level of a fluid level of the dielectric working fluid in the work tank; an adjuster that is installed downward from a portion of the pillar located above the highest level of the fluid level, is disposed above the highest level of the fluid level, and adjusts the position or posture of the workpiece in a direction other than the vertical direction.

Abstract: Provided is a bumper capable of improving a maneuvering stability of a vehicle. The bumper is a front bumper 7 to be attached to a front lower portion of a vehicle 1. Flow-straightening protrusions 31 each formed along a vehicular front-rear direction are provided on a lower portion of the front bumper 7 in a way such that they are aligned along a vehicular width direction across a region on an extended line 36 of a vehicular width direction inner end portion 2T of each of front wheels 2L, 2R of the vehicle 1. Thus, the occurrence of turbulent flows around the front wheels 2L, 2R can be restricted so that a vehicle stability can be improved.

Abstract: An aerodynamic component disposed on a side face of an upper rear part of an automobile vehicle body and reduces a lift coefficient of a vehicle body rear part, includes a plate-shaped base part and a fin projectingly provided on a front face of the base part, wherein the base part gently increases in thickness from a front edge side to a rear edge side, and has at the rear edge a shape that rises steeply with respect to the side face of the upper rear part of the vehicle body.

Abstract: An aerodynamic component disposed on a side face of an upper rear part of an automobile vehicle body and reduces a lift coefficient of a vehicle body rear part, includes a plate-shaped base part and a fin projectingly provided on a front face of the base part, wherein the base part gently increases in thickness from a front edge side to a rear edge side, and has at the rear edge a shape that rises steeply with respect to the side face of the upper rear part of the vehicle body. Therefore, it is possible for the aerodynamic component to generate a turbulent vortex in the air flow passing the vehicle body upper rear part to thus decrease the lift coefficient of the vehicle body rear part and ensure the ground load for the rear wheel, thereby enabling the handling stability of the vehicle to be enhanced.

Abstract: A controller controls cutting of simultaneously cutting wafers by performing electrical discharge machining while moving a workpiece relative to cutting wire sections in a direction at right angles to the cutting wire sections in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of main guide rollers and leaving a connection at which a part of each wafer that has been incompletely cut is still connected to the workpiece, and shape correction of causing the cutting wire sections to perform scanning while performing electrical discharge machining along a path of the cutting wire sections in a cutting direction at the time of the cutting to simultaneously correct the shape of a plurality of cut surfaces that are cut at the time of the cutting.

Abstract: A displacement sensor includes: a projection unit projecting emitted light toward a detection target surface of a detection target object; an objective optical system converging the emitted light toward the detection target surface and admitting reflected light resulting from diffuse reflection of the emitted light by the detection target surface; a baffle plate having openings each allowing one of portions of transmitted light resulting from the admission by the objective optical system to pass therethrough; an image capture unit capturing an image; image forming optical systems allowing each of the portions of the transmitted light resulting from the admission by the objective optical system to form an image on the image capture unit; and a signal processing unit calculating a distance from the detection target surface based on a luminance centroid of each of spots captured by the image capture unit.

Abstract: A controller controls cutting of simultaneously cutting wafers by performing electrical discharge machining while moving a workpiece relative to cutting wire sections in a direction at right angles to the cutting wire sections in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of main guide rollers and leaving a connection at which a part of each wafer that has been incompletely cut is still connected to the workpiece, and shape correction of causing the cutting wire sections to perform scanning while performing electrical discharge machining along a path of the cutting wire sections in a cutting direction at the time of the cutting to simultaneously correct the shape of a plurality of cut surfaces that are cut at the time of the cutting.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a machining unit that forms a product part by cutting off an outer frame portion from a workpiece and a control device that controls the machining unit. The machining unit machines a first boundary region in a boundary between the outer frame portion and the product part to leave an uncut portion, cuts off the product part from the outer frame portion by machining a second boundary region, which is the uncut portion, and repeats machining for the first/second boundary regions. When n is a natural number equal to or larger than 2, the control device sets, based on a machining state when the first boundary region is machined, different machining conditions as first machining conditions in machining the first boundary region for n-th time and second machining conditions in machining the second boundary region for n-th time.

Abstract: An electrochemical machining device improves a roughness of a machined surface while keeping a relative scanning speed of a tool electrode with respect to a workpiece low. A power source applies a voltage, for making current for electrochemical machining flow, between a tool electrode and a workpiece. The tool electrode is arranged apart from the workpiece and is capable of being scanned relatively along a surface direction of the workpiece. An electrolytic solution supply section supplies electrolytic solution for electrochemical machining between the tool electrode and the workpiece. The charge control means eliminates an electrical charge that has accumulated between the tool electrode and the workpiece using an appropriate method.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a machining unit that forms a product part by cutting off an outer frame portion from a workpiece and a control device that controls the machining unit. The machining unit machines a first boundary region in a boundary between a member to be the outer frame portion and a member to be the product part to leave an uncut portion, cuts off the product part from the outer frame portion by machining a second boundary region, which is the uncut portion, and repeats machining for the first/second boundary regions. The uncut portion has a side crossing a machining direction in machining the second boundary region, and when machining the second boundary region, the control device controls the machining unit to start the machining from the crossing side.

Abstract: A workpiece retainer retains a workpiece at a time of a cutting process by a wire electric discharge machining device that cuts a workpiece by electric discharge from wire electrodes that are spaced from each other and are arranged in parallel. The workpiece retainer is formed with a fitting portion, into which the workpiece is fitted substantially without any gap, and has an external shape such that at a time of cutting the workpiece retainer together with the workpiece fitted in the fitting portion, a length along the wire electrodes of a portion where the workpiece retainer and the workpiece face the wire electrodes becomes substantially constant during the cutting process of the workpiece.

Abstract: A displacement sensor includes: a projection unit projecting emitted light toward a detection target surface of a detection target object; an objective optical system converging the emitted light toward the detection target surface and admitting reflected light resulting from diffuse reflection of the emitted light by the detection target surface; a baffle plate having openings each allowing one of portions of transmitted light resulting from the admission by the objective optical system to pass therethrough; an image capture unit capturing an image; image forming optical systems allowing each of the portions of the transmitted light resulting from the admission by the objective optical system to form an image on the image capture unit; and a signal processing unit calculating a distance from the detection target surface based on a luminance centroid of each of spots captured by the image capture unit.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a machining unit that forms a product part by cutting off an outer frame portion from a workpiece and a control device that controls the machining unit. The machining unit machines a first boundary region in a boundary between the outer frame portion and the product part to leave an uncut portion, cuts off the product part from the outer frame portion by machining a second boundary region, which is the uncut portion, and repeats machining for the first/second boundary regions. When n is a natural number equal to or larger than 2, the control device sets, based on a machining state when the first boundary region is machined, different machining conditions as first machining conditions in machining the first boundary region for n-th time and second machining conditions in machining the second boundary region for n-th time.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a machining unit that forms a product part by cutting off an outer frame portion from a workpiece and a control device that controls the machining unit. The machining unit machines a first boundary region in a boundary between a member to be the outer frame portion and a member to be the product part to leave an uncut portion, cuts off the product part from the outer frame portion by machining a second boundary region, which is the uncut portion, and repeats machining for the first/second boundary regions. The uncut portion has a side crossing a machining direction in machining the second boundary region, and when machining the second boundary region, the control device controls the machining unit to start the machining from the crossing side.

Abstract: While switching polarity of an electrode, a voltage is applied between the electrode and a workpiece hard metal with the electrode used as a negative-electrode such that tungsten carbide (WC; component of the hard metal) is anodized to form a tungsten oxide (WO3), and a voltage is supplied therebetween with the electrode used as a positive-electrode such that cobalt (Co) that is a component of the workpiece is electrolytically-eluted and at the same time the WO3 generated by anodization is dissolved in the machining fluid, a saline solution (NaCl) or an aqueous solution of nitrate of soda (Na(No3)) is used as an machining fluid; a calcium salt is added beforehand to the machining fluid to react tungstate soda (Na2WO4) generated in the machining with the calcium salt whereby calcium tungstate (CaWO4) is produced; and a calcium compound is separated and recovered using a difference in specific gravity.