Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is provided. The liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage is applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: In a vertically aligned liquid crystal display device for controlling liquid crystal molecules alignment in voltage application by providing linear structures or linear slits consisting of a plurality of constituent units to at least one of a pair of substrates having an electrode thereon, there is provided alignment controlling means for forming an alignment singular point s=−1 of liquid crystal molecules at an intersecting point between the structures on the pixel electrode or the slits in the electrode and an edge of a pixel electrode on one of the substrates.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A liquid crystal is arranged between a pair of substrates. One substrate has a plurality of stripe electrodes extending parallel to each other, and the other substrate has a transparent electrode covering substantially the whole surface of the other substrate. An oblique electric field is formed between the stripe electrodes and the transparent electrode, so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the oblique electric field. In addition, a dielectric layer is arranged between the transparent electrode and the alignment layer.

Abstract: In a vertically aligned liquid crystal display device for controlling liquid crystal molecules alignment in voltage application by providing linear structures or linear slits consisting of a plurality of constituent units to at least one of a pair of substrates having an electrode thereon, there is provided alignment controlling means for forming an alignment singular point s=−1 of liquid crystal molecules at an intersecting point between the structures on the pixel electrode or the slits in the electrode and an edge of a pixel electrode on one of the substrates.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display capable of displaying an image of high quality and brightness.

Abstract: A vertically aligned liquid crystal display device includes a site in a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are tilted in a predetermined direction in a non-activated state of the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device including vertical alignment layers formed on the substrates. The alignment layer having a polymer realizing vertical alignment is formed on the substrate an unpolarized ultraviolet light is then irradiated in the oblique direction at an angle not more than 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment layer. The ultraviolet light has an exposure energy of 30 to 120 mJ/cm2 per percent of the polymer content realizing the vertical alignment of the alignment layer. The liquid crystal can thus align substantially vertically to the surface of the alignment layer, with a pretilt, and such an alignment is realized by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light, without rubbing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display based on an MVA mode of multi-division alignment in which alignment states of liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy are made different from each other, and provides a liquid crystal display in which a drop in transmittance is suppressed and response characteristics are improved.

Abstract: A homeotropic alignment type liquid crystal display device is provided with first and second substrates confronting each other, first and second bus lines arranged in mutually perpendicular directions on the second substrate, liquid crystals provided between the first and second substrates, and first, second and third projecting structures restricting alignment of the liquid crystals. The first projecting structures have a sloping surface which is inclined with respect to the first substrate and are provided on the first substrate in parallel with the first bus lines. The second projecting structures have a sloping surface which is inclined with respect to the second substrate and are provided on the second substrate in parallel with the first bus lines.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device including vertical alignment layers formed on the substrates. The alignment layer having a polymer realizing vertical alignment is formed on the substrate an unpolarized ultraviolet light is then irradiated in the oblique direction at an angle not more than 45 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment layer. The ultraviolet light has an exposure energy of 30 to 120 mJ/cm2 per percent of the polymer content realizing the vertical alignment of the alignment layer. The liquid crystal can thus align substantially vertically to the surface of the alignment layer, with a pretilt, and such an alignment is realized by the irradiation of the ultraviolet light, without rubbing.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. And, a structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. Then, the liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a display section formed on a first substrate. The display section including a plurality of pixels disposed in a matrix pattern, a plurality of scan lines extending in a row direction and a plurality of signal lines extending in a column direction. One pixel is connected at each cross point between the scan and signal lines and each pixel includes a semiconductor active element and a pixel electrode. A signal line driver circuit is disposed at opposite end portions in the row direction and includes semiconductor active elements for driving the scan lines. A scan line driver circuit is disposed at opposite end portions in the column direction and includes semiconductor active elements for driving the signal lines. A transparent second substrate is disposed opposing the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display which exhibits preferable viewing angle characteristics even in a diagonal viewing angle. Optical retardation films of a first type that satisfy nx>ny, nz and optical retardation films of a second type that satisfy nx≡ny>nz are used, and a setting is made to satisfy Rp−t=2×(−0.08×RLC+58 nm+&agr;) (&agr;=±30 nm) and Rt−t=(1.05±0.05)×RLC−47 nm+&bgr;(−100 nm≦&bgr;≦47 nm) where &Dgr;nd represents a retardation RLC in the liquid crystal display; Rp−t represents the sum of retardations Rp in in-plane directions of a plurality of optical retardation films; and Rt−t represents the sum of retardations Rt in the direction of the thickness of the plurality of optical retardation films.

Abstract: The liquid crystalline material of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the following structural formula (1), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (2), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (3), or compounds represented by the structural formulas (1), (2) and (3) in an amount of 90% by weight or more of the total amount of liquid crystalline components contained therein: ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 in which n is 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, A represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or direct bond (--) without --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, and B represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or direct bond (--) without --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --. Further, under the above conditions, the components are blended so that the nematic-isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystalline material can be 55.degree. C. to 75.degree. C.

Abstract: The liquid crystalline material of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the following structural formula (1), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (2), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (3), or compounds represented by the structural formulas (1), (2) and (3) in an amount of 90% by weight or more of the total amount of liquid crystalline components contained therein: ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 in which n is 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, A represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or direct bond (--) without --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, and B represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or direct bond (--) without --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --. Further, under the above conditions, the components are blended so that the nematic-isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystalline material can be 55.degree. C. to 75.degree. C.

Abstract: An element division liquid crystal display device with a liquid crystal inserted between first and second plates having alignment films, respectively. The alignment film of at least the first plate includes a single layer of alignment material having a plurality of first and second adjacent domains A and B and is continuously rubbed in one direction through first and second minute domains A and B. A further treatment, different from a rubbing treatment, is effected to the single alignment layer so that a pretilt angle of the liquid crystal contacting the alignment layer at one of the first and second domains is different from the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal contacting the alignment layer at the other domain. The further treatment includes one of the steps of irradiating with UV light, changing the chemical components of the material of the alignment layer, heating or changing the precuring process.

Abstract: The liquid crystalline material of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the following structural formula (1), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (2), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (3), or compounds represented by the structural formulas (1), (2) and (3) in an amount of 90% by weight or more of the total amount of liquid crystalline components contained therein: ##STR1## wherein R represents a linear alkyl group, C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 in which n is 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, A represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or direct bond (--) without --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, and B represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or direct bond (--) without --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --. Further, under the above conditions, the components are blended so that the nematic-isotropic transition temperature of the liquid crystalline material can be 55.degree. C. to 75.degree. C.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display panel which has improved viewing angle characteristics, is free from deterioration of a liquid crystal, enables the alignment division to be easily and ensurely carried out and has a simple structure. The liquid crystal display panel is constructed so that substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal therebetween each have an alignment film at their inner walls, at least one of the alignment films comprises a layer of a particular polyimide film material capable of inducing a change in surface energy upon the action of light or heat energy, the alignment film comprises an assembly of two adjacent minute domains and has been continuously rubbed in one direction along the minute domains and the two minute domains are different from each other in pretilt angle (defined as an angle at which liquid crystalline molecules rise from the surface of the substrate).