Abstract: A transducer includes a piezoelectric element that includes a piezoelectric membrane which is interposed between a pair of electrodes, a membrane body that includes a vibration membrane displaceable in a membrane thickness direction, the piezoelectric element being laminated on the vibration membrane, a package that includes an internal space which houses the piezoelectric element and the membrane body, and an abutment pad that is disposed in the internal space and limits displacement of the vibration membrane by abutting the piezoelectric element or the vibration membrane when the vibration membrane is displaced in the membrane thickness direction.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film includes a plurality of laminated main baking unit PZT layers. A first seed layer is present at a lower surface side of a lowermost main baking unit PZT layer. A second seed layer is interposed between two adjacent main baking unit PZT layers at an intermediate position between the lowermost main baking unit PZT layer and an uppermost main baking unit PZT layer.

Abstract: A transducer includes a piezoelectric element that includes a piezoelectric membrane which is interposed between a pair of electrodes, a membrane body that includes a vibration membrane displaceable in a membrane thickness direction, the piezoelectric element being laminated on the vibration membrane, a package that includes an internal space which houses the piezoelectric element and the membrane body, and an abutment pad that is disposed in the internal space and limits displacement of the vibration membrane by abutting the piezoelectric element or the vibration membrane when the vibration membrane is displaced in the membrane thickness direction.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film includes a plurality of laminated main baking unit PZT layers. A first seed layer is present at a lower surface side of a lowermost main baking unit PZT layer. A second seed layer is interposed between two adjacent main baking unit PZT layers at an intermediate position between the lowermost main baking unit PZT layer and an uppermost main baking unit PZT layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film includes a plurality of laminated main baking unit PZT layers. A first seed layer is present at a lower surface side of a lowermost main baking unit PZT layer. A second seed layer is interposed between two adjacent main baking unit PZT layers at an intermediate position between the lowermost main baking unit PZT layer and an uppermost main baking unit PZT layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film includes a plurality of laminated main baking unit PZT layers. A first seed layer is present at a lower surface side of a lowermost main baking unit PZT layer. A second seed layer is interposed between two adjacent main baking unit PZT layers at an intermediate position between the lowermost main baking unit PZT layer and an uppermost main baking unit PZT layer.

Abstract: An inkjet printing head includes a pressure chamber, a vibrating film formation layer including a vibrating film defining the pressure chamber, and a piezoelectric element disposed on the vibrating film. The piezoelectric element includes a lower electrode formed on the vibrating film formation layer, a piezoelectric film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric film. The lower electrode includes a crossover region crossing over a peripheral edge of the top surface portion of the pressure chamber in a plan view. In the lower electrode, a thickness of the crossover region and a portion, excluding the crossover region, of an inner electrode region, disposed at an inner side of peripheral edges of the top surface portion of the pressure chamber in a plan view, is defined to be thinner than a thickness of other portions of the lower electrode.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a substrate that defines a cavity in which ink is stored, a vibrating membrane that is supported by the substrate and that defines the cavity, and a piezoelectric device that is disposed on the vibrating membrane and that changes a volume of the cavity by displacing the vibrating membrane. A driving IC is mounted on the actuator substrate and drives the piezoelectric device.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a substrate that defines a cavity in which ink is stored, a vibrating membrane that is supported by the substrate and that defines the cavity, and a piezoelectric device that is disposed on the vibrating membrane and that changes a volume of the cavity by displacing the vibrating membrane. A driving IC is mounted on the actuator substrate and drives the piezoelectric device.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a substrate that defines a cavity in which ink is stored, a vibrating membrane that is supported by the substrate and that defines the cavity, and a piezoelectric device that is disposed on the vibrating membrane and that changes a volume of the cavity by displacing the vibrating membrane. The piezoelectric device includes a lower electrode, a piezoelectric membrane that is disposed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode that is disposed on the piezoelectric membrane and that faces the lower electrode with the piezoelectric membrane interposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The piezoelectric membrane includes a columnar structure layer and an amorphous structure layer of a piezoelectric material. The amorphous structure layer is stacked contiguously with the columnar structure layer.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a substrate that defines a cavity in which ink is stored, a vibrating membrane that is supported by the substrate and that defines the cavity, and a piezoelectric device that is disposed on the vibrating membrane and that changes a volume of the cavity by displacing the vibrating membrane. The piezoelectric device includes a lower electrode, a piezoelectric membrane that is disposed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode that is disposed on the piezoelectric membrane and that faces the lower electrode with the piezoelectric membrane interposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The piezoelectric membrane includes a columnar structure layer and an amorphous structure layer of a piezoelectric material. The amorphous structure layer is stacked contiguously with the columnar structure layer.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a substrate that defines a cavity in which ink is stored, a vibrating membrane that is supported by the substrate and that defines the cavity, and a piezoelectric device that is disposed on the vibrating membrane and that changes a volume of the cavity by displacing the vibrating membrane. The piezoelectric device includes a lower electrode, a piezoelectric membrane that is disposed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode that is disposed on the piezoelectric membrane and that faces the lower electrode with the piezoelectric membrane interposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The piezoelectric membrane includes a columnar structure layer and an amorphous structure layer of a piezoelectric material. The amorphous structure layer is stacked contiguously with the columnar structure layer.

Abstract: An inkjet head includes a substrate that defines a cavity in which ink is stored, a vibrating membrane that is supported by the substrate and that defines the cavity, and a piezoelectric device that is disposed on the vibrating membrane and that changes a volume of the cavity by displacing the vibrating membrane. The piezoelectric device includes a lower electrode, a piezoelectric membrane that is disposed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode that is disposed on the piezoelectric membrane and that faces the lower electrode with the piezoelectric membrane interposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The piezoelectric membrane includes a columnar structure layer and an amorphous structure layer of a piezoelectric material. The amorphous structure layer is stacked contiguously with the columnar structure layer.

Abstract: An inkjet printing head 1 includes a pressure chamber 5, a vibrating film formation layer 10 including a vibrating film 10A defining the pressure chamber 5, and a piezoelectric element 6 disposed on the vibrating film 10A. The piezoelectric element 6 includes a lower electrode 7 formed on the vibrating film formation layer 10, a piezoelectric film 8 formed on the lower electrode 7, and an upper electrode 9 formed on the piezoelectric film 8. The lower electrode 7 includes a crossover region 7C crossing over a peripheral edge of the top surface portion of the pressure chamber 5 in a plan view. In the lower electrode 7, a thickness of the crossover region 7C and a portion, excluding the crossover region 7C, of an inner electrode region, disposed at an inner side of peripheral edges of the top surface portion of the pressure chamber 5 in a plan view, is defined to be thinner than a thickness of other portions of the lower electrode 7.

Abstract: An ink jet print head includes a substrate in which a pressure chamber is formed, a vibration film configured to define the pressure chamber and deformed to change a volume of the pressure chamber, a lower electrode formed on the vibration film, a piezoelectric film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric film and having a periphery receding inwardly relative to a periphery of the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: An ink jet print head includes a substrate in which a pressure chamber is formed, a vibration film configured to define the pressure chamber and deformed to change a volume of the pressure chamber, a lower electrode formed on the vibration film, a piezoelectric film formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the piezoelectric film and having a periphery receding inwardly relative to a periphery of the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: A linear light source device includes a light guiding member formed of a transparent body and an LED element arranged to face an end of the light guiding member. A plurality of recesses or projections are formed in a circumferential direction on the transparent body. Light from the LED element incident on the recesses or projections is reflected by the recesses or projections and travels toward the side of the light guiding member opposite to the recesses or projections to be emitted to the outside.

Abstract: A light guide member (120) includes a columnar main body (130) of a predetermined length, which is made of a transparent material and has a substantially uniform cross section. A first end (121) and a second end are provided at respective ends of the main body (130), and LED elements (200) are arranged to face the first end (121) and the second, respectively. The main body(130) includes a smooth mirror circumferential surface formed with a plurality of recesses (131) or projections spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction and arranged within a predetermined range in the circumferential direction. Due to the recesses or projections, throughout the length of the main body (130) , light emitted from the LED elements (200) and introduced into the main body (130) through each of the first end (121) and the second end is emitted from a region of the circumferential surface of the main body (130) which faces the range formed with the recesses (131) or the projections.

Abstract: A heater for fusing toner images onto recording paper is provided. The heater includes a supporting base that has an upper surface and a lower surface. The base has a relatively low thermal conductivity. The heater also includes a heating element formed on the upper surface of the base. A heat conductor is provided on the upper or lower side of the base. The heat conductor has a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of the base.

Abstract: A thermal printhead is disclosed which prevents an undesired color from being generated around the periphery of a desired color, even when a two-color thermo-sensitive paper is used as the recording medium. A plurality of variable electric potential regions are formed on top of a heating resistor. Each region is disposed between two adjacent projections, and has an individual electrode that intersects therewith. The variable electric potential regions generate colors due to electric potential differences that are produced between a common electrode and individual electrodes. The width of each variable electric potential region corresponds to one dot, and is set such that the temperature of the entire region is substantially uniform when heated. A plurality of fixed electric potential regions are formed on top of the heating resistor, and each region has a fixed electric potential even when an electric potential difference is produced between the common electrode and the individual electrodes.