Abstract: A switch device includes a terminal and a leaf spring supported by the terminal. The leaf spring is resiliently movable to produce a contact action. The leaf spring includes a metal plating applied to a portion that is in contact with and supported by the terminal. The metal plating is not applied to a portion of the leaf spring where stress concentrates when the leaf spring is resiliently moved.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: A communication device, able to establish synchronization of frequency and able to continuously track a carrier even if an oscillation frequency of an oscillator changes. The device changes the oscillation frequency of a reference frequency oscillator according to established protocols when the base station of the other party in communication changes by generating a frequency change signal for reporting that the base station has changed and the frequency is changed and outputting it to a control unit of a GPS baseband unit.

Abstract: A communication device can reliably find a frequency and establish frequency synchronization, despite relying on a variable reference frequency, and may do so, e.g., by searching only during one or more periods of frequency stability. Once gained, such synchronization may be held continuously. An acquisition unit receives from a control unit information about a frequency change of a reference signal. The acquisition unit may nonetheless continue to search for, e.g., a satellite at the frequency that had been in use before the frequency change of the reference signal. An acquisition unit in such a device may search over extended periods, e.g., by using two or more frequency-stable periods. The acquisition unit may, e.g., transmit information about a change in the reference frequency to a tracking unit to maintain synchronization with the satellite.

Abstract: A combined GPS/Bluetooth module for a vehicle may be mounted on, e.g., the rear view mirror housing to receive position information from GPS and other information (such as tire pressure and other vehicle diagnostic information) over a Bluetooth link. In turn, the module can transmit over Bluetooth both the GPS data and the diagnostic information to the vehicle onboard computer or to a PDA, wireless telephone, or other display-bearing device in the vehicle for display thereof.

Abstract: A communication device able to realize a positioning computation at the high speed and able to reduce electric power consumption, wherein a host CPU obtains the error value of the reference frequency of a crystal oscillator from a GPS receiver, stores that in a storage unit, transmits this value to the GPS receiver as the next positioning computation to correct the reference frequency, and makes to search a GPS satellite, therefore the electric power need not to be supplied to the GPS receiver and the crystal oscillator, and the position- finding result can be obtained at the high speed and with reducing the electric power consumption.

Abstract: A communication device able to realize a positioning computation at the high speed and able to reduce electric power consumption, wherein a host CPU obtains the error value of the reference frequency of a crystal oscillator from a GPS receiver, stores that in a storage unit, transmits this value to the GPS receiver as the next positioning computation to correct the reference frequency, and makes to search a GPS satellite, therefore the electric power need not to be supplied to the GPS receiver and the crystal oscillator, and the position-finding result can be obtained at the high speed and with reducing the electric power consumption.

Abstract: A combined GPS/Bluetooth module for a vehicle may be mounted on, e.g., the rear view mirror housing to receive position information from GPS and other information (such as tire pressure and other vehicle diagnostic information) over a Bluetooth link. In turn, the module can transmit over Bluetooth both the GPS data and the diagnostic information to the vehicle onboard computer or to a PDA, wireless telephone, or other display-bearing device in the vehicle for display thereof.

Abstract: A communication device able to reliably find a frequency and able to reliably establish synchronization of frequency even if an oscillation frequency of an oscillator changes and able to continuously hold synchronization of a carrier, wherein an acquisition unit uses a certain timewise stable area for a frequency search of a satellite so as to reliably find the frequency of the satellite, receives a frequency change of a reference signal from a control unit, performs a frequency search of the satellite at the frequency before the frequency change of the reference signal after the frequency change of the reference signal, uses two or more clock stable areas for the frequency search of the satellite to thereby make it possible to perform the frequency search of the satellite over a long time, and transmits a change to a tracking unit to establish synchronization of the frequency of the satellite where the frequency of the reference signal changes after the frequency search of the satellite.

Abstract: A communication device, able to establish synchronization of frequency and able to continuously track a carrier even if an oscillation frequency of an oscillator changes, wherein the device changes the oscillation frequency of a reference frequency oscillator according to established protocols when the base station of the other party in communication changes by generating a frequency change signal for reporting that the base station has changed and the frequency must be changed and outputting it to a control unit of a GPS baseband unit and wherein, when not receiving a frequency change signal, the control unit makes a tracking unit operate divided into three groups of loop units of a group of loop units for the currently synchronized frequency and groups of loop units for the frequency f±&Dgr;fs of the ± change and, when receiving a frequency change signal, makes the tracking unit operate divided into two groups of loop units for the frequency f±&Dgr;fs of the ± change excluding th

Abstract: When transmitting position/time information calculated by means of a GPS function to a server apparatus, authentication is carried out with the server apparatus. The position/time information may be certified as legitimate measured by a portable apparatus with a GPS reception function employed by a user. When transmitting information related to the position and the time acquired from a portable phone terminal having the GPS function and a network function by means of the GPS function to the server apparatus, authentication is carried out between the portable phone terminal and the server apparatus. The position/time information is transmitted to the server apparatus, only if the server apparatus is authenticated as a legitimate counterpart for connection. A secret key holding section is provided for holding different secret keys for different apparatuses.

Abstract: To provide a serial interface circuit capable of converting a large volume of data into packets based on a predetermined standard for transmission and reception and capable of performing smooth transmission and reception processing, which comprises a transaction layer circuit serving as a data processing circuit to which a storage device is connected, which reads data of the storage device, adds a self-designating transaction label, and transmits the data as a transmission asynchronous packet to a serial interface bus BS and, when transferring data of another node to the storage device, generates a request packet to which it had added a self-designating label and transmits the same to the serial interface bus BS, receives a response packet for this request packet from the another node, takes out a data portion from the response packet, and transfers this to the storage device.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit which enables an error bit to be set simply without causing an increase in the size of the circuit even if the packet size is changed and which enables realization of stable operation without the system stopping even if the value of the time stamp is impossible. A pre-reception processing circuit decides if a received packet is normally continuous or discontinuous from data in the DBC region of the CIP header. When deciding it is discontinuous, it sets an error bit ERM allocated to one bit of the upper significant 7 bits of the source packet header to “1”, and writes this in an FIFO. A post-reception processing circuit, when reading from the FIFO, outputs the data stored in the FIFO to the application side when the error bit ERM is “0” and resets the error bit and outputs a dummy error packet when the error bit EMR is “1”.