Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a flow battery, the electrolyte being supplied to a flow battery, in which a total concentration of ions of elements of groups 1 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 16 in the fifth period of the periodic table, and ions of elements of groups 1, 2, and 4 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 15 in the sixth period of the periodic table, the ions being impurity element ions involved in generation of a gas containing elemental hydrogen, may be 610 mg/L or less and a concentration of vanadium ions may be 1 mol/L or more and 3 mol/L or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a flow battery, the electrolyte being supplied to a flow battery, in which a total concentration of ions of elements of groups 1 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 16 in the fifth period of the periodic table, and ions of elements of groups 1, 2, and 4 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 15 in the sixth period of the periodic table, the ions being impurity element ions involved in generation of a gas containing elemental hydrogen, may be 610 mg/L or less and a concentration of vanadium ions may be 1 mol/L or more and 3 mol/L or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a flow battery, the electrolyte being supplied to a flow battery, in which a total concentration of ions of elements of groups 1 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 16 in the fifth period of the periodic table, and ions of elements of groups 1, 2, and 4 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 15 in the sixth period of the periodic table, the ions being impurity element ions involved in generation of a gas containing elemental hydrogen, is 610 mg/L or less, a concentration of vanadium ions is 1 mol/L or more and 3 mol/L or less, a concentration of free sulfuric acid is 1 mol/L or more and 4 mol/L or less, a concentration of phosphoric acid is 1.0×10?4 mol/L or more and 7.1×10?1 mol/L or less, a concentration of ammonium is 20 mg/L or less, and a concentration of silicon is 40 mg/L or less.

Abstract: Provided is a terminal-attached electric wire including: an electric wire having a conductor made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy whose outer circumference is covered with an insulating layer; and a terminal member made of copper or a copper alloy and attached to a conductor-exposed portion exposed from the insulating layer at an end portion of the electric wire. The terminal member includes a coating layer made of an electrically conductive material and formed at a terminal-exposed portion except for a place of contact with the conductor in a surface of the terminal member, and an oxide film of the electrically conductive material formed in a surface of the coating layer. The electrically conductive material is a metal or an alloy which forms an oxide film having a thickness of more than or equal to 20 nm in a surface thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a terminal-attached electric wire including: an electric wire having a conductor made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy whose outer circumference is covered with an insulating layer; and a terminal member made of copper or a copper alloy and attached to a conductor-exposed portion exposed from the insulating layer at an end portion of the electric wire. The terminal member includes a coating layer made of an electrically conductive material and formed at a terminal-exposed portion except for a place of contact with the conductor in a surface of the terminal member, and an oxide film of the electrically conductive material formed in a surface of the coating layer. The electrically conductive material is a metal or an alloy which forms an oxide film having a thickness of more than or equal to 20 nm in a surface thereof.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a flow battery, the electrolyte being supplied to a flow battery, in which a total concentration of ions of elements of groups 1 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 16 in the fifth period of the periodic table, and ions of elements of groups 1, 2, and 4 to 8 and ions of elements of groups 13 to 15 in the sixth period of the periodic table, the ions being impurity element ions involved in generation of a gas containing elemental hydrogen, is 610 mg/L or less, a concentration of vanadium ions is 1 mol/L or more and 3 mol/L or less, a concentration of free sulfuric acid is 1 mol/L or more and 4 mol/L or less, a concentration of phosphoric acid is 1.0×10?4 mol/L or more and 7.1×10?1 mol/L or less, a concentration of ammonium is 20 mg/L or less, and a concentration of silicon is 40 mg/L or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte flow battery system including a gas supply mechanism that always continuously supplies a flow gas containing an inert gas to a gas phase in a tank that stores an electrolyte. In the electrolyte, the total concentration of ions of elements in groups 1 to 8 and 13 to 16 in the fifth period and groups 1, 2, 4 to 8, and 13 to 15 in the sixth period of a periodic table is 2,500 mg/L or less. The generation rate of hydrogen is less than 95 cc/h/m2 when a charge and discharge test is performed while the electrolyte is circulated and supplied to an electrolyte flow battery. The flow rate of the flow gas is 1.0 L/min or more and 50 L/min or less.

Abstract: An element recovery method and an element recovery apparatus are provided by which an element containing a high-purity rare earth element can be recovered at low cost. The element recovery method includes the steps of: preparing molten salt containing a rare earth element; and controlling electric potentials in a pair of electrode members at prescribed values while keeping the pair of electrode members in contact with the molten salt, thereby depositing the rare earth element existing in the molten salt on one of the pair of electrode members. In this way, as compared with the conventional wet separation method, an element such as a rare earth element that is to be recovered can be directly recovered from the molten salt in which the element is dissolved, so that the steps of the recovery method can be simplified and reduced in cost.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a gas decomposition apparatus and a gas decomposition method in which no safety problems occur in spite of the application of a relatively high voltage between an anode and a cathode for the purpose of decomposing odorous gases of many types. [Solution] A catalytic electrode layer 6 that contains a catalyst and is porous; a counter electrode layer 7 that forms a pair with the catalytic electrode; and an electrolyte layer 15 that is sandwiched between the catalytic electrode and the counter electrode and has ion conductivity are included. The catalyst is held by the catalytic electrode in the form of being carried by a carrier containing a conductive material or the catalyst is directly carried by the catalytic electrode. A conductive material in the catalytic electrode, the conductive material being in contact with the catalyst, is not a noncovalent carbon material.

Abstract: An analysis method is provided, by which it is determined whether or not a solution to be-examined contains an organic substance in an amount on the order of 20 mass ppb or less. The analysis method for organic substances in a solution to be examined includes the following steps: a sampling step in which 500 ml or less of a sample solution is taken front a solution to be examined; an adsorption step in which the sample solution is passed through activated carbon 8 so that the organic substance is adsorbed on the activated carbon; an extraction step in which the organic substance is extracted into a hydrophobic solvent; a specimen preparation step in which, a specimen solution is prepared by using the hydrophobic solvent into which the organic substance has been extracted; and an analysis step in which an analysis is performed to determine whether or not the organic substance in an amount of 20 mass ppb or less is contained in the solution to be examined.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an aluminum structure using a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, with which it is possible to form an aluminum structure having a low oxide content in the surface of aluminum (i.e., having an oxide film with a small thickness), and in particular, it is possible to obtain an aluminum porous body that has a large area. The method includes a step of preparing an aluminum-coated resin molded body in which an aluminum layer is formed, directly or with another layer therebetween, on a surface of a resin molded body composed of urethane, and a heat treatment step in which the aluminum-coated resin molded body is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than 270° C. and lower than 660° C. to decompose the resin molded body.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy sheet is made of a magnesium alloy containing Al. Particles of an intermetallic compound containing at least one of Al and Mg are present in the sheet in a dispersed state. The sheet includes an oxide film which extends substantially over the surface of the sheet and which has a uniform thickness. The average size of the particles of the intermetallic compound is 0.5 ?m or less. The percentage of the total area of the particles is 11% or less. Therefore, the magnesium alloy sheet is excellent corrosion resistance. A magnesium alloy structural member is provided.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy structural member having excellent corrosion resistance is provided. The magnesium alloy structural member includes a magnesium alloy substrate that contains more than 7.5% by mass of Al and an anticorrosive layer formed on a surface of the substrate by chemical conversion treatment. The substrate contains a precipitate, typically, particles dispersed therein. The particles are made of an intermetallic compound containing at least one of Al and Mg and have an average particle size of 0.05 ?m or more and 1 ?m or less. The total area of the particles accounts for 1% by area or more and 20% by area or less. The anticorrosive layer includes a lower sublayer and a surface sublayer on the substrate in this order. The surface sublayer is denser than the lower sublayer. The substrate of the magnesium alloy structural member has high corrosion resistance because of a high Al content.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy material having excellent impact resistance is provided. The magnesium alloy material is composed of a magnesium alloy that contains more than 7.5% by mass of Al and has a Charpy impact value of 30 J/cm2 or more. Typically, the magnesium alloy material has an elongation of 10% or more at a tension speed of 10 m/s in a high-speed tensile test. The magnesium alloy is composed of a precipitate, typically made of an intermetallic compound containing at least one of Al and Mg, and contains particles having an average particle size of 0.05 ?M or more and 1 ?m or less dispersed therein. The total area of the particles accounts for 1% by area or more and 20% by area or less. The magnesium alloy material containing fine precipitate particles dispersed therein has high impact absorption capacity through dispersion strengthening and has excellent impact resistance.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy material having high corrosion resistance is provided. The magnesium alloy material contains a magnesium alloy containing 7.3% to 16% by mass Al, wherein a region having an Al content of 0.8x % by mass or more and 1.2x % by mass or less occupies 50% by area or more, a region having an Al content of 1.4x % by mass or more occupies 17.5% by area or less, wherein x % by mass denotes the Al content of the entire magnesium alloy material, and there is substantially no region having an Al content of 4.2% by mass or less. The magnesium alloy material has small variations in Al concentration and includes a few regions having a very low Al content, thereby effectively preventing and retarding local corrosion. Thus, the magnesium alloy material has higher corrosion resistance than die-cast components having the same Al content.

Abstract: An element recovery method and an element recovery apparatus are provided by which an element containing a high-purity rare earth element can be recovered at low cost. The element recovery method includes the steps of: preparing molten salt containing a rare earth element; and controlling electric potentials in a pair of electrode members at prescribed values while keeping the pair of electrode members in contact with the molten salt, thereby depositing the rare earth element existing in the molten salt on one of the pair of electrode members. In this way, as compared with the conventional wet separation method, an element such as a rare earth element that is to be recovered can be directly recovered from the molten salt in which the element is dissolved, so that the steps of the recovery method can be simplified and reduced in cost.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a gas decomposition apparatus and a gas decomposition method in which no safety problems occur in spite of the application of a relatively high voltage between an anode and a cathode for the purpose of decomposing odorous gases of many types. [Solution] A catalytic electrode layer 6 that contains a catalyst and is porous; a counter electrode layer 7 that forms a pair with the catalytic electrode; and an electrolyte layer 15 that is sandwiched between the catalytic electrode and the counter electrode and has ion conductivity are included. The catalyst is held by the catalytic electrode in the form of being carried by a carrier containing a conductive material or the catalyst is directly carried by the catalytic electrode. A conductive material in the catalytic electrode, the conductive material being in contact with the catalyst, is not a noncovalent carbon material.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a gas decomposition apparatus and a gas decomposition method in which no safety problems occur in spite of the application of a relatively high voltage between an anode and a cathode for the purpose of decomposing odorous gases of many types. [Solution] A catalytic electrode layer 6 that contains a catalyst and is porous; a counter electrode layer 7 that forms a pair with the catalytic electrode; and an electrolyte layer 15 that is sandwiched between the catalytic electrode and the counter electrode and has ion conductivity are included. The catalyst is held by the catalytic electrode in the form of being carried by a carrier containing a conductive material or the catalyst is directly carried by the catalytic electrode. A conductive material in the catalytic electrode, the conductive material being in contact with the catalyst, is not a noncovalent carbon material.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an aluminum structure using a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, with which it is possible to form an aluminum structure having a low oxide content in the surface of aluminum (i.e., having an oxide film with a small thickness), and in particular, it is possible to obtain an aluminum porous body that has a large area. The method includes a step of preparing an aluminum-coated resin molded body in which an aluminum layer is formed, directly or with another layer therebetween, on a surface of a resin molded body composed of urethane, and a step of decomposing the resin molded body by bringing the aluminum-coated resin molded body into contact with concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 62% or more.

Abstract: A magnesium alloy sheet is made of a magnesium alloy containing Al. Particles of an intermetallic compound containing at least one of Al and Mg are present in the sheet in a dispersed state. The sheet includes an oxide film which extends substantially over the surface of the sheet and which has a uniform thickness. The average size of the particles of the intermetallic compound is 0.5 ?m or less. The percentage of the total area of the particles is 11% or less. Therefore, the magnesium alloy sheet is excellent corrosion resistance. A magnesium alloy structural member is provided.