Abstract: In a semiconductor wafer according to this invention, an epitaxial layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, a second element which is not the same but homologous as a first element constituting the semiconductor substrate is present to have a peak concentration on the semiconductor substrate side rather than the surface, and this peak concentration is 1.times.10.sup.16 atoms/cm.sup.3 or more.

Abstract: In a semiconductor wafer according to this invention, an epitaxial layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, a second element which is not the same but homologous as a first element constituting the semiconductor substrate is present to have a peak concentration on the semiconductor substrate side rather than the surface, and this peak concentration is 1.times.10.sup.16 atoms/cm.sup.3 or more.

Abstract: In a semiconductor wafer according to this invention, an epitaxial layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, a second element which is not the same but homologous as a first element constituting the semiconductor substrate is present to have a peak concentration on the semiconductor substrate side rather than the surface, and this peak concentration is 1.times.10.sup.16 atoms/cm.sup.3 or more.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a substrate, first insulation layers formed on the substrate, and a second insulation layer formed on the substrate. The second insulation layer, which acts as a dielectric material of a capacitor component of the semiconductor device, is thinner than each of the first insulation layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device, comprising a substrate, a first insulation layer formed on the substrate, a first wiring layer formed on the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer formed on the first wiring layer and having a contact hole, and a third insulation layer formed on the second insulation layer, said third insulation layer being in contact with the first wiring layer via the contact hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device, comprising a substrate, a first insulation layer formed on the substrate, a first wiring layer formed on the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer formed on the first wiring layer and having a contact hole, and a third insulation layer formed on the second insulation layer, said third insulation layer being in contact with the first wiring layer via the contact hole.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for producing 2,6-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo [3.3.0] octane, i.e. syringaresinol and stereo-isomers thereof, from plants which contain lignin with syringyl unit. The process comprises heating plant under pressure in hydrous condition, and then quickly discharging them therefrom into an environment at atmospheric pressure so as to explode into pieces and subjecting the fine pieces to extraction with organic solvent such as methanol and acetone or an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide and purification. Syringaresinols are useful like ginseng as a tonic.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device in which a micro-patterned field oxide film can be formed includes the steps of: sequentially forming an oxidation-resistive film and an oxidizable film on a semiconductor substrate; forming a window in a predetermined region of said oxidizable film, in which said oxidation-resistive film is exposed; performing thermal oxidation to said oxidizable film so as to convert it into an insulating film and for narrowing a width of said window by volume expansion due to conversion; forming a field oxide film in a region of said semiconductor substrate defined by said window of said insulating film; and forming a semiconductor element in the region of said semiconductor substrate isolated by said field oxide film.