Abstract: A reflective mask blank includes: a substrate; a Mo/Si multilayer reflection layer formed by alternately laminating a molybdenum (Mo) layer and a silicon (Si) layer on or above the substrate; an intermediate layer on or above the Mo/Si multilayer reflection layer; a barrier layer on or above the intermediate layer; a protective layer on or above the barrier layer; and an absorption layer on or above the protective layer.

Abstract: A desalination performance restoration agent for a cellulose acetate membrane contains: a solvent; and a modified polyvinyl alcohol mixed in the solvent. The modified polyvinyl alcohol has an acetyl group structure in at least part of polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A water treatment device includes a primary unit having a plurality of primary elements as reverse osmosis membrane devices disposed in parallel with each other to separate water to be treated into primary condensed water and fresh water; a pump which feeds the water to be treated from the upstream side of the primary unit to the primary unit; a secondary unit having secondary elements which are provided to be fewer in number than the primary elements and separate the primary condensed water into secondary condensed water and fresh water; a sub-element which separates one of the water to be treated and the primary condensed water; and a mode switching unit which switches the sub-element between a primary mode of being used as the primary element in the primary unit and a secondary mode of being used as the secondary element in the secondary unit.

Abstract: Provided is a reverse osmosis membrane cleaning apparatus (10) which includes a membrane module (1) including a reverse osmosis membrane, a cleaning water tank (11) which stores cleaning water, a heater (13) which heats cleaning water supplied from the cleaning water tank (11) to the reverse osmosis membrane, and a temperature control device (17) which controls the heater so that a temperature of the cleaning water heated by the heater (13) is higher than 45° C. and not higher than 60° C.

Abstract: A water treatment device (1) includes a primary unit (U1) having a plurality of primary elements (E1) as reverse osmosis membrane devices disposed in parallel to each other to separate water to be treated (SW) into primary condensed water (CW1) and fresh water (FW1); a pump (P) which feeds the water to be treated (SW) to the primary unit (U1); a secondary unit (U2) having secondary elements (E2) as reverse osmosis membrane devices, the secondary elements (E2) being provided in smaller number than the primary elements (E1) and disposed in parallel to each other to separate the primary condensed water (W1) into secondary condensed water (CW2) and fresh water (FW2); and a switching unit (2) provided only in the secondary unit (U2) among the primary unit (U1) and the secondary unit (U2) to separate at least one of the plurality of secondary elements (E2) so that treatment is disabled.

Abstract: A water treatment device (1) includes a primary unit (U1) having a plurality of primary elements (E1) as reverse osmosis membrane devices disposed in parallel to each other to separate water to be treated (SW) supplied from an upstream side into primary condensed water (CW1) and fresh water (FW1); a pump (P) which feeds the water to be treated from the upstream side of the primary unit to supply the water to be treated to the primary unit; a secondary unit (U2) having secondary elements (E2) as reverse osmosis membrane devices, the secondary elements being provided in smaller number than the primary elements and disposed in parallel to each other to separate the primary condensed water into secondary condensed water (CW2) and fresh water (FW2); and a reflux unit (2) which refluxes a part of the secondary condensed water between the primary unit and the secondary unit.

Abstract: Provided are a water treatment apparatus and a water treatment method capable of performing a significant water quality evaluation of treated water before the filtration process, and capable of rapidly responding to a change in water quality of the treated water. A water treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a treated water filtering unit which filters treated water supplied from a treated water line to become filtered water, a filtered water mixing unit which is provided in a treated water extraction line diverging from the treated water line to reduce a turbidity concentration in the treated water of the treated water extraction line to become measured water, and a water quality measuring unit which is provided at a rear stage of the filtered water mixing unit in the treated water extraction line and measures water quality of the measured water to evaluate the water quality of the treated water.

Abstract: A natural water treatment control apparatus (190) controls a treatment device configured to perform treatment used to contribute to purification of drawn natural water. The natural water treatment control apparatus (190) includes: a tide information acquiring unit (191) configured to acquire tide information serving as information associated with tides of a body of water from which the natural water is drawn; and a treatment mode determining unit (193) configured to determine a treatment mode of the treatment device on the basis of the tide information.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention includes: a spiral type pressure vessel 15 in which a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane apparatuses 13-1 to 13-10 having spiral reverse osmosis membranes is connected through a permeated water pipe 14, and is housed in a connected state; a raw water supplying line that supplies raw water 11 into the pressure vessel 15; a concentrated water discharging line through which concentrated water 16 concentrated is discharged; a plug 17 that blocks the permeated water pipe 14 at the center of the reverse osmosis membrane apparatuses 13-1 to 13-10; a front-side permeated water line and a front-side permeated water line through which front-side permeated water 12-1 and rear-side permeated water 12-2 are discharged to the exterior, respectively, which are separated fore and aft, respectively, of the permeated water pipe 14 blocked by the plug 17; a pressure regulating valve 20 that is mounted in the raw water supplying line and regulates the supply pressure of the raw water 11;

Abstract: A highly practical tube body for a pressure transducer is provided which has excellent pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and tensile strength; which can be manufactured at low cost in comparison with cases of using stainless steel; and which makes it possible to keep inside diameter precision high. In this tube body for a pressure transducer, the pressure applied to the interior is varied periodically, and a seal layer (2) is provided to the internal peripheral surface of a tube body (1) made of a fiber-reinforced resin composed of fibers wound in layers.

Abstract: A high-pressure pump P1 that increases the pressure of raw water, a high-pressure reverse osmosis device including a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane for concentrating a salt content in high-pressure feed water, a first drain valve mounted on a permeated water line for supplying the permeated water downstream and temporarily draining permeated water of an initial start-up from a discharge line, a low-pressure pump that is mounted on a permeated water line provided downstream of the first drain valve and reduces the pressure of the permeated water, a low-pressure reverse osmosis device including a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane for concentrating a salt content in low-pressure feed water, and a second drain valve mounted on a discharge line at the concentrated water side of the low-pressure reverse osmosis device that temporarily discharges the low-pressure feed water of the initial start-up supplied to the low-pressure reverse osmosis device.

Abstract: A high-pressure pump P1 that increases the pressure of raw water, a high-pressure reverse osmosis device including a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane for concentrating a salt content in high-pressure feed water, a first drain valve mounted on a permeated water line for supplying the permeated water downstream and temporarily draining permeated water of an initial start-up from a discharge line, a low-pressure pump that is mounted on a permeated water line provided downstream of the first drain valve and reduces the pressure of the permeated water, a low-pressure reverse osmosis device including a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane for concentrating a salt content in low-pressure feed water, and a second drain valve mounted on a discharge line at the concentrated water side of the low-pressure reverse osmosis device that temporarily discharges the low-pressure feed water of the initial start-up supplied to the low-pressure reverse osmosis device.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a frame, a connector main body received in the frame, a lock, a lock receiving part, and a releasing tool. The lock is formed on the frame or the connector main body, while the lock receiving part is formed on the other of the frame or the connector main body, corresponding with and engaging the lock. The releasing tool releases the lock that is engaged with the lock receiving part when the releasing tool is inserted the frame and the connector main body. The releasing tool disengages the lock and the lock receiving part when inserted in to the frame and connector main body, and then pushes the releasing tool receiving surface to separate the connector main body from the frame.

Abstract: A highly practical tube body for a pressure transducer is provided which has excellent pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and tensile strength; which can be manufactured at low cost in comparison with cases of using stainless steel; and which makes it possible to keep inside diameter precision high. In this tube body for a pressure transducer, the pressure applied to the interior is varied periodically, and a seal layer (2) is provided to the internal peripheral surface of a tube body (1) made of a fiber-reinforced resin composed of fibers wound in layers.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention includes: a spiral type pressure vessel 15 in which a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane apparatuses 13-1 to 13-10 having spiral reverse osmosis membranes is connected through a permeated water pipe 14, and is housed in a connected state; a raw water supplying line that supplies raw water 11 into the pressure vessel 15; a concentrated water discharging line through which concentrated water 16 concentrated is discharged; a plug 17 that blocks the permeated water pipe 14 at the center of the reverse osmosis membrane apparatuses 13-1 to 13-10; a front-side permeated water line and a front-side permeated water line through which front-side permeated water 12-1 and rear-side permeated water 12-2 are discharged to the exterior, respectively, which are separated fore and aft, respectively, of the permeated water pipe 14 blocked by the plug 17; a pressure regulating valve 20 that is mounted in the raw wares supplying line and regulates the supply pressure of the raw water 11;

Abstract: Included is a high-pressure pump P1 that increases the pressure of raw water 11 to a predetermined high pressure, a high-pressure reverse osmosis device 13 including a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane 13a for concentrating a salt content in high-pressure feed water 12 whose pressure is increased, a first drain valve 21 that is mounted on a permeated water line L2 for supplying the permeated water 14 downstream and temporarily drains permeated water 14 of an initial start-up from a discharge line L6, a low-pressure pump P2 that is mounted on a permeated water line L3 provided downstream of the first drain valve 21 and reduces the pressure of the permeated water 14 to a predetermined low pressure, a low-pressure reverse osmosis device 16 including a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane 16a for concentrating a salt content in low-pressure feed water 15 whose pressure is reduced by the low-pressure pump P2, and a second drain valve 22 that is mounted on a discharge line L5 at the concentrated water side of

Abstract: An electrical connector includes a frame, a connector main body received in the frame, a lock, a lock receiving part, and a releasing tool. The lock is formed on the frame or the connector main body, while the lock receiving part is formed on the other of the frame or the connector main body, corresponding with and engaging the lock. The releasing tool releases the lock that is engaged with the lock receiving part when the releasing tool is inserted the frame and the connector main body. The releasing tool disengages the lock and the lock receiving part when inserted in to the frame and connector main body, and then pushes the releasing tool receiving surface to separate the connector main body from the frame.