Abstract: The image forming apparatus is capable of executing a color mode for forming images of a plurality of colors using the plurality of developer bearing members, and a mono-mode for forming images of mono color using one developer bearing member of the plurality of developer bearing members. The control unit, when the color mode is executed, determines the charging bias and, the first laser power and the second laser power for respective image bearing members, based on information about the plurality of image bearing members. The control unit, when the mono-mode is executed, determines the charging bias and, the first laser power and the second laser power to image bearing member for mono-mode, based on information about image bearing member for mono-mode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable drum; a developing device for developing a latent image formed on the drum into a developer image; and a cleaning blade for removing developer remaining on the drum after the developer image is transferred from the drum onto a developer image receiving member. After image formation, a predetermined amount of strain of the cleaning blade is released and the drum is subsequently rotated. The drum is subsequently rotated in a direction identical to a rotation direction of the drum during image formation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes image forming portions provided along a movement direction of a recording material conveying member or an intermediary transfer member and including a first portion and a second portion provided downstream of the first portion with respect to the movement direction; a detecting portion for detecting information on a developer deterioration state at the first portion; a storing portion for storing a relationship between a detection result of the detecting portion and an amount of the developer to be back-transferred at the second portion; and an outputting device for outputting a signal relating to an amount of the developer accommodated in the accommodating portion at the second portion on the basis of the detection result of the detecting portion, the relationship stored in the storing portion, and information on the developer used for image formation at each of the first and second portions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable drum; a charging roller for electrically charging the drum; a developing device for developing a latent image formed on the drum into a developer image; a cleaning device for removing a developer remaining on the drum after transfer; and a control device. The cleaning device includes a cleaning blade contacting the drum. The control device is capable of performing an operation for rotating the drum, in a direction identical to the rotational direction of the drum during image formation effected by rotating the drum, after a lapse, without next instruction of image formation, of a predetermined period from a stop of rotation of the drum after completing image formation. The predetermined period is longer with a larger number of sheets subjected to the image formation in an image forming job before the rotation of the image bearing member is stopped.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charging member, a charging device, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge that minimize local unevenness in potential of a charged object resulting from soiling of the charging member with soiling microparticles or soiling aggregates, that do not cause image failure such as unevenness in image density and scumming, and that output good images through the life of the charging member. The charging member charges a surface of the object by receiving a voltage while being in contact with the object, and satisfies the condition that Rzjis?30 and Rsk?0, where Rzjis represents the ten-point average roughness of a surface of the charging member in contact with the object and Rsk represents the skewness of a roughness curve.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable drum; a charging roller, contacting the drum, for electrically charging the drum; a developing device for developing a latent image formed on the drum into a developer image; and a cleaning device for removing a developer remaining on the drum after the developer image is transferred from the drum onto a developer image receiving member. The cleaning device includes a cleaning blade contacting the drum and having a fixed end and a free end which is located upstream of the fixed end with respect to a rotational direction of the drum. The image forming apparatus further includes a control device for controlling a rotating operation of the drum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charging member, a charging device, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge that minimize local unevenness in potential of a charged object resulting from soiling of the charging member with soiling microparticles or soiling aggregates, that do not cause image failure such as unevenness in image density and scumming, and that output good images through the life of the charging member. The charging member charges a surface of the object by receiving a voltage while being in contact with the object, and satisfies the condition that Rzjis?30 and Rsk?0, where Rzjis represents the ten-point average roughness of a surface of the charging member in contact with the object and Rsk represents the skewness of a roughness curve.

Abstract: A receiver arrangement including a received data reproducing device includes an RF (Radio Frequency) receiver configured to determine the signal strength of a received signal and feed it to a clock frequency determining circuit. Number-of-error information, included in the outputs of a clock phase detector and produced during error detection effected with a sync word, a packet header and a payload of a packet field by field, are also fed to the clock frequency determining circuit. The clock frequency determining circuit designates a subject to deal with the packet and selects single clock frequency information out of clock frequencies determined. The clock frequency information thus selected is input to the clock phase detector.

Abstract: A receiver arrangement including a received data reproducing device includes an RF (Radio Frequency) receiver configured to determine the signal strength of a received signal and feed it to a clock frequency determining circuit. Number-of-error information, included in the outputs of a clock phase detector and produced during error detection effected with a sync word, a packet header and a payload of a packet field by field, are also fed to the clock frequency determining circuit. The clock frequency determining circuit designates a subject to deal with the packet and selects single clock frequency information out of clock frequencies determined. The clock frequency information thus selected is input to the clock phase detector.