Abstract: A gas-liquid separator wherein a helical passageway is defined between an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder in such a way that a working fluid with entrained bubbles may be forced to flow tangentially into the helical passage and swirl therethrough. The entrained bubbles are separated from the liquid through centrifugal force produced by the swirling or vortical flow through the helical passageway and trapped or collected inside the inner cylinder, from which they are discharged to the exterior.

Abstract: Gelatin, especially in a layer of a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material, is hardened with the reaction product of a compound having at least three vinylsulfonyl groups in the molecule and a compound having at least one water-soluble group and at least one group capable of reacting with the vinylsulfonyl group, such as --SH, .dbd.NH and --NH.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for adding oil-soluble photographic addenda in the form of their solution in a high boiling organic solvent to a hydrophilic colloidal solution for forming a layer of a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material in the homogeneously dispersed state, is described.

Abstract: Gelatin, particularly gelatin films of light-sensitive silver halide photographic materials, are hardened by treating with a combination of a compound having at least two vinylcarbonyl groups in the molecule with a compound having at least two vinylsulfonyl groups in the molecule.

Abstract: A process for hardening gelatin which comprises reacting photographic gelatin with a compound of the general formula[A-B-(NHCO).sub.m.sub.-1 X-Y].sub.n Zwherein A is CH.sub.2 =CH--, CH.sub.2 =C(R.sub.1)--, CH.sub.2 (R.sub.1)--CH.sub.2 -- or CH.sub.2 (R.sub.1)--CH(R.sub.2)-- (where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are halogens); B is --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; X is oxygen, sulfur or --NH--; Y is --CO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or a simple bond, and when Y is --CO-- or SO.sub.2 --, X is --NH--; m is 1 or 2; n is an integer of 2 or more; and Z is a simple bond, an n-valent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic group, or an n-valent group comprising the combination of said groups, --CO--, ##STR1## in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for hardening gelatin which comprises reacting photographic gelatin with a compound of the general formula ##SPC1##Wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 individually are halogen, an aryloxy group which may have substituents, or an arylthio group which may have substituents; X is a simple bond, an alkylene group which may have substituents --CO, --CO--R.sub.5 --CO-- (in which R.sub.5 is an alkylene group which may have substituents) or --R.sub.6 --(O--R.sub.6).sub.n -- (in which R.sub.6 is an alkylene group which may have substituents and n is a positive integer); an Y is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group which may have substituents, or a group ##SPC2##(in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 individually are halogen).