Abstract: An iso(thio)cyanate compound that is a reaction product between an amine compound (A) including at least one selected from a compound (a1) represented by general formula (1) or a compound (a2) represented by general formula (2) and a bi- or higher-functional iso(thio)cyanate compound (B), the iso(thio)cyanate compound having a value of Mw/Mn of 1.31 or less, the value of Mw/Mn being a weight average molecular weight (Mw) divided by a number average molecular weight (Mn).

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition for an optical material including: a polyisocyanate component which includes 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; a polyol component which includes a diol compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and having two or more hydroxyl groups; and a polythiol component which includes a polythiol compound having two or more mercapto groups.

Abstract: It is a main object of the present invention to impart higher antifogging properties to the hydrophilic material formed of a crosslinked resin, having a surface enriched with hydrophilic groups, previously proposed by the inventors. The laminate of the present invention includes a water absorbing layer (B) and a hydrophilic layer (A) provided in this order on a substrate, wherein the hydrophilic layer (A) is formed of a crosslinked resin having an anionic, cationic or nonionic hydrophilic group, and has a gradient of hydrophilic groups (intensity of hydrophilic group on surface of the hydrophilic layer (A)/intensity of hydrophilic group at ½ of thickness of the hydrophilic layer (A)) of not less than 1.1; and the water absorbing layer (B) is formed of a crosslinked resin having a water absorption rate per unit mass (g) of in the range of 5 to 500 wt %.

Abstract: Provided is a laminate that includes a water absorbing layer (B), an antireflective function-imparting layer (C) and a hydrophilic layer (A) provided in this order on a substrate, wherein the hydrophilic layer (A) is formed of a crosslinked resin having an anionic, cationic or nonionic hydrophilic group, and has a gradient of hydrophilic groups (intensity of hydrophilic group on surface of the hydrophilic layer (A)/intensity of hydrophilic group at ½ of thickness of the hydrophilic layer (A)) of not less than 1.1; the water absorbing layer (B) is formed of a crosslinked resin having a water absorption rate per unit mass (g) of in the range of 5 to 500 wt %; and the refractive index of a layer forming the layer (C) satisfies a specific condition. The laminate can provide higher antifogging properties and antireflective properties.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition for an optical material including: a polyisocyanate component which includes 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; a polyol component which includes a diol compound having a molecular weight of 400 or more and having two or more hydroxyl groups; and a polythiol component which includes a polythiol compound having two or more mercapto groups.

Abstract: It is a main object of the present invention to impart higher antifogging properties to the hydrophilic material formed of a crosslinked resin, having a surface enriched with hydrophilic groups, previously proposed by the inventors. The laminate of the present invention includes a water absorbing layer (B) and a hydrophilic layer (A) provided in this order on a substrate, wherein the hydrophilic layer (A) is formed of a crosslinked resin having an anionic, cationic or nonionic hydrophilic group, and has a gradient of hydrophilic groups (intensity of hydrophilic group on surface of the hydrophilic layer (A)/intensity of hydrophilic group at ½ of thickness of the hydrophilic layer (A)) of not less than 1.1; and the water absorbing layer (B) is formed of a crosslinked resin having a water absorption rate per unit mass (g) of in the range of 5 to 500 wt %.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition for an optical material including (A) isocyanates having two or more isocyanato groups, which include at least an isophorone diisocyanate, (B) at least one predetermined thiol having two or more mercapto groups, (C) an acidic phosphoric acid ester represented by General Formula (1), and (D) a tin compound represented by General Formula (2), in which the acidic phosphoric acid ester (C) is contained in an amount of 0.05 parts by weight to 0.9 parts by weight, with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the isocyanates (A) and the thiols (B), and the tin compound (D) is contained in such an amount that the content of tin is 0.05 parts by weight to 0.3 parts by weight, with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the isocyanates (A) and the thiols (B).

Abstract: Provided are a hydrophilic monolayer film and a method for producing the monolayer film. The monolayer film has a surface structure with multiple protrusions and depressions. The distance between the peaks of adjoining protrusions is in the range of 1 nm to 800 nm. The monolayer film is formed of a crosslinked resin produced by curing of a polymerizable composition that contains a compound having a specific hydrophilic group and a functional group with a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond and a compound having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups. A gradient of the concentration of hydrophilic groups (Sa2/Da2) in the monolayer film is not less than 1.1 wherein Sa is the concentration of at least one type of hydrophilic groups and a hydroxyl group at the top layer, and Da is the depth concentration of the hydrophilic groups at ½ of the thickness of the monolayer film.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an image sensor including: pixels for receiving light to generate image signals, and reading circuits sharing predetermined number of pixels with one another; a format converter configured to convert the image signals output from the image sensor into a predetermined format corresponding to a processing device for performing image processing on the image signals; and a connector including the format converter and configured to be connected to the processing device. The image sensor includes a color filter of a Bayer array in which a red filter for passing a red component and a first green filter for passing a green component are alternately arranged in even lines of horizontal lines of the pixels, and a second green filter for passing a green component and a blue filter for passing a blue component are alternately arranged in odd lines of the horizontal lines.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an image sensor including: pixels for receiving light to generate image signals, and reading circuits sharing predetermined number of pixels with one another; a format converter configured to convert the image signals output from the image sensor into a predetermined format corresponding to a processing device for performing image processing on the image signals; and a connector including the format converter and configured to be connected to the processing device. The image sensor includes a color filter of a Bayer array in which a red filter for passing a red component and a first green filter for passing a green component are alternately arranged in even lines of horizontal lines of the pixels, and a second green filter for passing a green component and a blue filter for passing a blue component are alternately arranged in odd lines of the horizontal lines.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition for an optical material including (A) isocyanates having two or more isocyanato groups, which include at least an isophorone diisocyanate, (B) at least one predetermined thiol having two or more mercapto groups, (C) an acidic phosphoric acid ester represented by General Formula (1), and (D) a tin compound represented by General Formula (2), in which the acidic phosphoric acid ester (C) is contained in an amount of 0.05 parts by weight to 0.9 parts by weight, with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the isocyanates (A) and the thiols (B), and the tin compound (D) is contained in such an amount that the content of tin is 0.05 parts by weight to 0.3 parts by weight, with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the isocyanates (A) and the thiols (B).

Abstract: Provided are a film in which the balance between hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance is superior, decrease in hydrophilicity by water is minimal, and the weather resistance is also superior; as well as a polymer and a polymer composition that can yield such a film. The film of the invention is prepared from a specific copolymer (i) having a sulfonic acid-containing group, an epoxy group, and a specific alkoxysilyl group in a molecule, or from a composition including the copolymer (i).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes: an image pickup device that outputs pixel signals picked up by a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional manner for picking up an image of an object; a white spot positional information storage portion that stores positional information of a white-spot pixel that exists in the image pickup device; an image pickup device drive portion; and a white spot correction portion that, based on positional information of the white-spot pixel that is read out from the white spot positional information storage portion, performs correction with respect to the pixel signal of the pixel that is determined to be the white-spot pixel based on a white spot correction value calculated based on seven pixels that surround a pixel that is determined to be the white-spot pixel.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes: an image pickup device that outputs pixel signals picked up by a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional manner for picking up an image of an object; a white spot positional information storage portion that stores positional information of a white-spot pixel that exists in the image pickup device; an image pickup device drive portion; and a white spot correction portion that, based on positional information of the white-spot pixel that is read out from the white spot positional information storage portion, performs correction with respect to the pixel signal of the pixel that is determined to be the white-spot pixel based on a white spot correction value calculated based on seven pixels that surround a pixel that is determined to be the white-spot pixel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an endoscope to perform observation using a plurality of image pick up units and an endoscope system including such an endoscope, and its object is to provide an endoscope and an endoscope system having a simplified structure and a reduced cost. There is provided an endoscope including a plurality of image pick up units (24a, 24b) to pick up an observation image, a connector (28) to be connected with an external device (46) to perform signal processing, and a switching circuit portion (26) electrically connected with each image pick up unit (24a, 24b) and the connector (28) and configured to switch the plurality of image pick up units (24a, 24b) so that one of the image pick up units (24a, 24b) transmits/receives a signal to/from the connector (28).

Abstract: An endoscope includes a solid image-pickup device having an image area and an optical black area for performing photoelectric conversion and including a function of varying an amplification ratio, and a first signal clamp circuit clamps the analog output signal that is outputted from the solid image-pickup device to adjust into an input range of the analog signal processing circuit with an analog reference signal which is unaffected by a defective pixel in the optical black area. The clamped signal is processed to extract signal components which are photoelectrically converted by the analog signal processing circuit by the image area. The output signal from the analog signal processing circuit clamps the signal in the optical black area by using output signals of at least the number of pixels larger than the number of pixels in a horizontal direction in the optical black area by the second signal clamp circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an endoscope to perform observation using a plurality of image pick up units and an endoscope system including such an endoscope, and its object is to provide an endoscope and an endoscope system having a simplified structure and a reduced cost. There is provided an endoscope including a plurality of image pick up units (24a, 24b) to pick up an observation image, a connector (28) to be connected with an external device (46) to perform signal processing, and a switching circuit portion (26) electrically connected with each image pick up unit (24a, 24b) and the connector (28) and configured to switch the plurality of image pick up units (24a, 24b) so that one of the image pick up units (24a, 24b) transmits/receives a signal to/from the connector (28).

Abstract: An endoscope 2 has a CCD 9 incorporated in the distal part of an insertion unit 6 thereof. The sensitivity of the CCD 9 can be varied by applying a plurality of pulsating driving signals so as to change an electron multiplication rate. The endoscope 2 is connected to a processor 3 so that it can be disconnected freely. Information representing a type of endoscope stored in advance in a ROM 48 is transmitted to a controller 21 incorporated in the processor 3. The control means 21 uses a CCD sensitivity control means 12 to control the sensitivity of the CCD 9 according to the type of connected endoscope 2. Consequently, a view image of proper brightness can be produced irrespective of the type of endoscope 2.

Abstract: An endoscope 2 has a CCD 9 incorporated in the distal part of an insertion unit 6 thereof. The sensitivity of the CCD 9 can be varied by applying a plurality of pulsating driving signals so as to change an electron multiplication rate. The endoscope 2 is connected to a processor 3 so that it can be disconnected freely. Information representing a type of endoscope stored in advance in a ROM 48 is transmitted to a controller 21 incorporated in the processor 3. The control means 21 uses a CCD sensitivity control means 12 to control the sensitivity of the CCD 9 according to the type of connected endoscope 2. Consequently, a view image of proper brightness can be produced irrespective of the type of endoscope 2.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a solid image-pickup device having an image area and an optical black area for performing photoelectric conversion and including a function of varying an amplification ratio, and a first signal clamp circuit clamps the analog output signal that is outputted from the solid image-pickup device to adjust into an input range of the analog signal processing circuit with an analog reference signal which is unaffected by a defective pixel in the optical black area. The clamped signal is processed to extract signal components which are photoelectrically converted by the analog signal processing circuit by the image area. The output signal from the analog signal processing circuit clamps the signal in the optical black area by using output signals of at least the number of pixels larger than the number of pixels in a horizontal direction in the optical black area by the second signal clamp circuit.