Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel, a transparent light guide panel disposed in front of the liquid crystal panel and having one irregular surface for emitting light entering from a light source toward the liquid crystal panel, and a reflector disposed behind the liquid crystal panel for reflecting light passing through the light guide panel and the liquid crystal panel toward the liquid crystal panel and the light guide panel. The irregular surface of the light guide panel is partially formed with an absorbing layer for absorbing external light or a light storing layer for storing light.

Abstract: A lighting unit for illuminating a liquid crystal panel includes a point light source and a light guide. The light guide includes a first side surface extending in a direction x and having a light incidence portion facing the light source, a second side surface extending in a direction y perpendicular to the direction x, a third side surface spaced from the second side surface in the direction x, and an outlet surface for exit of light. The second side face is formed with a plurality of recesses each including a slant surface for causing light emitted from the light source to be reflected toward the third side surface. The recesses progressively increase in depth as they are positioned farther from the light source.

Abstract: A lighting unit for a liquid crystal panel includes a light guide plate and a light source to emit light into the light guide plate. The light guide plate includes an obverse and a reverse surfaces spaced in a thickness direction. The light guide plate further includes a pair of first side surfaces extending in parallel between the obverse and the reverse surfaces, and a second side surface extending transversely of the first side surfaces. The obverse surface of the light guide plate is formed with a plurality of inclined surfaces for causing the light rays travelling within the light guide plate longitudinally to be reflected towards the reverse surface. Each of the first side surfaces of the light guide plate includes a light-inlet portion inclining at an acute angle to the second side surface. The light source is disposed to face the light-inlet portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel, a transparent light guide panel disposed in front of the liquid crystal panel and having one irregular surface for emitting light entering from a light source toward the liquid crystal panel, and a reflector disposed behind the liquid crystal panel for reflecting light passing through the light guide panel and the liquid crystal panel toward the liquid crystal panel and the light guide panel. The irregular surface of the light guide panel is partially formed with an absorbing layer for absorbing external light or a light storing layer for storing light.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source for illuminating an LCD panel, and a light guide for guiding light emitted from the light source to the panel. The light guide is provided with a main body facing the panel and with a light inlet section adjacent to the light source. The light inlet section includes a first surface facing the light source and a second surface which intersects the first surface at an angle smaller than 90°. The second surface is formed with a plurality of light reflecting grooves arranged at irregular intervals.

Abstract: A lighting unit includes a light guide and a light source. The light guide is provided with a light inlet section, while the light source is provided with a light emitting surface facing the light inlet section. The light inlet section is formed with a plurality of light refracting surfaces inclined relative to the light emitting surface of the light source. Due to the light refracting surfaces, light emitted from the light source is properly distributed through the light guide.

Abstract: For uniformly, satisfactorily, and automatically removing foreign matter that has accumulated on the filter, the apparatus includes a housing having an inflow portion and an outflow portion, a filter having a large number of piled resilient filter chips between which a filtering gap for passage of fluid to be filtered is formed, an actuator for expanding the filtering gap between spring members in backwashing, and a backwashing channel for causing backwash fluid to flow through the filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display apparatus comprising a printed board mounting on one surface with light elitting elements in a matrix form and on the other surface with control components for controlling the drive for the light emitting elements. The printed board is formed by a heat conductive substrate of such as a metal plate and electrically insulative members formed on respective surfaces thereof. The printed board is electrically insulative at the respective surfaces but excellent in heat conductivity. Accordingly, the printed board provided is excellent in heat conductivity so that heat developed by the light emitting elements or control components can be dissipated outside with high efficiency. There is no necessity of reducing driving electric power to low or no fear of incurring degradation of the components or display characteristics.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light source, and a light guide panel for guiding light from the light source to outside. The light guide panel is formed with a transparent electrode. The light source is an LED chip having an electrode held in direct electrical contact with the transparent electrode.

Abstract: An injection nozzle for blowing air or injecting solvents reduces noise level and facilitates cleaning of injection passages. The injection nozzle includes a nozzle body provided with an opening and an inlet passage communicating with the opening. A plurality of grooves are provided on top and bottom sides of the nozzle body respectively. The nozzle body is also provided with upper and lower cover members, which can be selectively opened or closed. When the cover members are closed, an expansion chamber is defined by the opening and injection passages are defined by the grooves. The fluid to be injected from the inlet passage is expanded once in the expansion chamber and is then distributed through the injection passages for injection. Such expansion and contraction produces an effect of reducing noise level at the time of injection. Furthermore, the insides of the expansion chamber and the injection passages can be cleaned with ease by opening the cover members.

Abstract: An apparatus for projecting an original image onto a screen or a photosensitive drum includes a controller for correcting a light amount of an original illumination lamp along a scanning direction of the original image. A light amount correction value of the controller is changed so that exposure amount distribution on a projected surface becomes a predetermined value in accordance with a magnification detected from a projection lens.

Abstract: An image reader sets the level of illumination provided by a light source and the gamma correction provided by a density correction circuit in dependence upon a user selected density setting button on a control panel.

Abstract: A retarding control apparatus for controlling operation of a retarder, which is connected to an automatic transmission, by operating a retarder actuating device by manipulation of a retarder changeover switch includes control unit, to which are inputted a shift position signal,a throttle opening signal and a changeover signal from the retarder changeover switch, for outputting an operating signal to the retarder actuating device. When the control unit receives the changeover signal from the retarder changeover switch for actuating the retarder and decides that a manual downshift has taken place based upon the shift position signal and throttle opening signal, the control unit diminishes the operating signal to the retarder actuating device in such a manner that braking force produced by the retarder is reduced by a prescribed value.

Abstract: A retarding control apparatus for controlling operation of a retarder, which is connected to an automatic transmission, by operating a retarder actuating device by manipulation of a retarder changeover switch includes control unit, to which are inputted a shift position signal, a throttle opening signal and a changeover signal from the retarder changeover switch, for outputtig an operating signal to the retarder actuating device. When the control unit receives the changeover signal from the retarder changeover switch for actuating the retarder and decides that a manual downshift has taken place based upon the shift position signal and throttle opening signal, the control unit diminishes the operating signal to the retarder actuating device in such a manner that braking force produced by the retarder is reduced by a prescribed value.

Abstract: An image fixing apparatus includes a heater; a film movable in contact with the heater at one side thereof and in contact with a recording material at the other side thereof, wherein a visualized image on the recording material is heated and fixed by heat from the heater through the film; the heater including a heat generating layer extending in a direction crossing a movement direction of the film, for producing the heat by the application of a voltage between its longitudinal opposite ends; an electric path branched out of an image fixing part of the heat generating layer; and a selector for selecting the electric path in accordance with a size of the recording material.

Abstract: An electrophotograpic apparatus and an electrophotographic process wherein when a developer is to be deposited on such an area of a latent image as has been exposed to light, by a reverse development operation, the non-image-forming area existing before and after the image forming area is exposed to light with the aid of an exposure lamp, whereby the potential of the non-image-forming area is lowered. By this, the possibility of variation of the potential which may otherwise be caused by continuous image forming operation and variation in the ambient conditions can be prevented. Futher, by applying a bias voltage for preventing deposition of the developer in the non-image forming area which is substantially free from potential variation, the developer is prevented from being deposited, irrespective of the variation in the ambient conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to provide new crystalline zeolite catalyst (ZKU-catalyst) having the superior catalytic activity and selectivity and the long period of the catalytic life.One of the method of said catalyst (ZKU-2 catalyst) lies in crystallizing the starting zeolite preparation in the presence of the crystallization conditioning agent of crystallization of tetraalkyl (methyl or ethyl or combination thereof) ammonium cation.Another method of said catalyst (ZKU-3, 4 catalysts) lies in crystallizing the starting zeolite preparation in the presence of both said conditioning agent of crystallization and the substance capable of forming the seed and/or the skelton of crystal. The ZKU-3 catalyst is manufactured using the seed of crystal, while the ZKU-4 catalyst is manufactured using the seed and the skelton of crystal.

Abstract: A liquid feeding device for feeding a liquid accommodated in a reservoir through a liquid holding member to an object, onto which the liquid is to be fed, wherein the liquid holding member takes up the liquid in the reservoir and holds the same therein, and the feeding quantity of the liquid to the object can be maintained constant by controlling a vertical distance between the liquid surface level in the reservoir and a point where the liquid holding member and the object contact each other, this vertical distance being made variable depending on whether the device is in operation, or not, and on the liquid temperature as well.

Abstract: An electrophotographic fixing device which is fundamentally constructed by assembling a heat fusing roller made of a resilient material, a rigid press-contacting roller, and a heating roller, wherein the heat fusing roller is provided at a position to contact a copying material at the side thereof bearing a developed image, and has its surface heated by means of the heating roller, and wherein the copying material is pressed against the heat fusing roller by the press-contacting roller to complete the image fixing. The fixing device further includes means to apply an appropriate quantity of an image separating agent onto a front end part of a non-fixed reproduced image on the copying material, over a certain width, the device being provided at a position immediately preceding the fixing device and actuated by a timer.