Abstract: A thin film has a band gap of 2.2 eV or more and in which a crystal includes an atomic vacancy and an electron, a microwave irradiation system configured to irradiate the thin film with a microwave in response to driving from outside, an excitation unit configured to excite the electron included in the thin film in response to driving from outside, and a detector configured to detect, as an electric signal, at least either one of an intensity of light outputted from the thin film when the electron transitions from an excited state to a ground state and a change in conductivity of the thin film based on excitation.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically opening and closing a door of a vehicle body which is transferred by a conveyor or is stopped at a predetermined position in a manufacturing process. The apparatus accurately controls the opened angle of the door with the guidance of the combination between an engagement member and an opening thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically opening and closing a door of a vehicle body which is transferred by a conveyor or is stopped at a predetermined position in a manufacturing process. The apparatus accurately control the opened angle of the door with the guidance of the combination between an engagement member and an opening thereof.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound; a paint containing the aforesaid ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound; and a coated article having on its surface a coated film containing the aforesaid ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound are provided. The ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound is produced by reacting (a) a compound having a light absorption maximum within a wavelength region of 300 to 400 m.mu. and containing a mono-, di- or tetra-hydroxyphenyl group, (b) at least one compound containing a amino group and (c) formaldehyde, in the presence of at least one alcohol. The ultraviolet-absorbing amino compound of this invention is used in resin products which undergo photodegradation by ultraviolet light, for example, paints or molded articles of resins, and is especially effective for use in thermosetting synthetic resin paints.

Abstract: Method of applying water paint in which compound capable of increasing, when decomposed, the hydrogen ion and viscosity of the paint used is added to a water-dispersible paint or a blend of a water-dispersible paint and a water-soluble paint, or is added during the coating step or is applied to the wet paint film by simultaneous spraying.