Abstract: An image forming optical system includes in order from an object side to an image surface, a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, and a third lens group having a positive refracting power. At the time of zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group increases, and a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group decreases. The first lens group has a cemented lens which includes a first lens element E1, a second lens element E2, and a third lens element E3. In the cemented lens, the first lens element E1 is cemented to a surface on one side of the second lens element E2, and the third lens element E3 is cemented to another surface of the second lens element E2. The first lens element E1 is a negative lens, and the second lens element E2 is a positive lens. The image forming optical system satisfies predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: In an image forming optical system which includes in order from an object side, a first lens group having a positive refractive power, a second lens group having a negative refractive power, a third lens group having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power, a refractive index for a d-line of a positive single lens having the largest refractive power among all lenses in the second lens group, is the smallest of a refractive index of lenses in the second lens group.

Abstract: An image forming optical system includes in order from an object side to an image surface, a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, and a third lens group having a positive refracting power. At the time of zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group increases, and a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group decreases. The first lens group has a cemented lens which includes a first lens element E1, a second lens element E2, and a third lens element E3. In the cemented lens, the first lens element E1 is cemented to a surface on one side of the second lens element E2, and the third lens element E3 is cemented to another surface of the second lens element E2. The first lens element E1 is a negative lens, and the second lens element E2 is a positive lens. The image forming optical system satisfies predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: A scenario analysis control system device includes a start-up reception unit for accepting a periodic start-up, and a scenario storage unit for storing two or more text scenarios, each of which implements a specific function and includes control codes. A priority level definition storage unit stores a priority level and a number of steps executable in response to a single start-up, provided for each of the two or more text scenarios stored in the scenario storage unit. Every time the start-up reception unit accepts a start-up, a scenario analysis processing unit determines which text scenario is to be executed next and which one or more steps of one selected text scenario are to be executed according to the priority levels respectively assigned to the two or more text scenarios. The scenario analysis processing unit then reads a determined number of steps of the selected text scenario from the scenario storage unit and executes them.

Abstract: An energy accumulating capacitor such as an excimer laser is prevented from being overcharged by stored energy in a resonance inductance device. In a resonant capacitor charging circuit, when it is forecast that an energy accumulating capacitor can be charged to a target charge voltage by the magnetic energy of a resonant inductance device after a first semiconductor switch is switched off, the first semiconductor switch is switched off, and when actually reaching the target charge voltage, a second semiconductor switch is switched on or off, in order to charge with high accuracy.

Abstract: An energy accumulating capacitor such as an excimer laser is prevented from being overcharged by stored energy in a resonance inductance device. In a resonant capacitor charging circuit, when it is forecast that an energy accumulating capacitor can be charged to a target charge voltage by the magnetic energy of a resonant inductance device after a first semiconductor switch is switched off, the first semiconductor switch is switched off, and when actually reaching the target charge voltage, a second semiconductor switch is switched on or off, in order to charge with high accuracy.