Abstract: An optical signal emitting direction control method of a present embodiment includes arranging a transparent member to extend over an underwater space and an in-air space, causing an optical signal to enter the transparent member from the underwater space via a surface of an underwater portion of the transparent member immersed in the underwater space, and causing the optical signal entered the transparent member to be emitted into the in-air space via a surface of an in-air portion of the transparent member exposed to the in-air space.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a first sound damper fixed to a tire inner surface and being made of a sponge material; a second sound damper disposed on a tire internal space side of the first sound damper, and being made of a sponge material; and a communication device retained between the first sound damper and the second sound damper. The second sound damper has a hardness in a range of greater than 25N and no greater than 55N. The first sound damper has a hardness in a range of no less than 25N and less than 55N. The hardness of the second sound damper is greater than the hardness of the first sound damper. The hardness is measured in accordance with the Method A in Section 6.4 of the test methods as defined under the Hardness Tests in Section 6 of JIS K6400-2 (2012).

Abstract: A pneumatic tire in accordance with the present disclosure comprises a first sound damper fixed to a tire inner surface and being made of a sponge material; a second sound damper disposed on a tire internal space side of the first sound damper, and being made of a sponge material; and a communication device retained between the first sound damper and the second sound damper, wherein the second sound damper has a hardness greater than a hardness of the first sound damper.

Abstract: A tire anti-theft system includes a transmitter attached to a tire and configured to transmit tire ID information; a first database configured to store vehicle ID information and tire ID information of a tire mounted on the vehicle; a second database configured to store the tire ID information and tire status information indicating whether or not the tire identified with the tire ID information is stolen tire; and a vehicle control apparatus, in which the vehicle control apparatus includes a reader configured to perform near field communication with the transmitter attached to the tire mounted on a vehicle to be controlled and acquire the tire ID information, and a controller configured to, in a case where the reader acquires the tire ID information, restrict operation of the vehicle to be controlled if information indicating that the tire is stolen tire is stored in association with the tire ID information.

Abstract: An information presentation system includes an information presentation apparatus, a transmitter attached to a tire and configured to transmit tire ID information for identifying the tire, and a database configured to store tire ID information of tires which are genuine products, and the information presentation apparatus includes a reader configured to perform near field communication with the transmitter, to acquire the tire ID information transmitted by the transmitter, and a controller configured to cause an information presenter to present information indicating that the tire identified with the tire ID information is a genuine product in a case where the tire ID information is stored in the database, and/or cause the information presenter to present information indicating that the tire identified with the tire ID information is a counterfeit product in a case where the tire ID information is not stored in the database.

Abstract: A tire theft monitoring system includes a transmitter attached to a tire and configured to transmit tire ID information, a second database configured to store the vehicle ID information of the vehicle and contact information of an owner of the vehicle in association with each other, and a monitoring apparatus mounted on a vehicle to be monitored, and the monitoring apparatus includes a reader configured to perform near field communication with the transmitter attached to the tire mounted on the vehicle to be monitored, to acquire the tire ID information, and a controller configured to, in a case where the reader cannot acquire the tire ID information, determine that the tire identified with the tire ID information has been stolen and make a notification to contact information stored in the second database in association with vehicle ID information of the vehicle to be monitored.

Abstract: A tire anti-theft system includes a transmitter attached to a tire and configured to transmit tire ID information; a first database configured to store vehicle ID information and tire ID information of a tire mounted on the vehicle; a second database configured to store the tire ID information and tire status information indicating whether or not the tire identified with the tire ID information is stolen tire; and a vehicle control apparatus, in which the vehicle control apparatus includes a reader configured to perform near field communication with the transmitter attached to the tire mounted on a vehicle to be controlled and acquire the tire ID information, and a controller configured to, in a case where the reader acquires the tire ID information, restrict operation of the vehicle to be controlled if information indicating that the tire is stolen tire is stored in association with the tire ID information.

Abstract: A tire which includes a carcass which extends from a pair of bead portions through a sidewall portion to reach a tread portion and an inner liner disposed at an inner circumferential surface of a tire main body is provided. The tire further includes a sound control layer which covers at least a part of an inner circumferential surface of the tire. The inner liner includes an end in a tire width direction annularly extending in a tire circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface of the tire main body. The sound control layer is fixed on the end in a tire width direction to cover at least a part of a periphery of the end in a tire width direction of the inner liner.

Abstract: An information presentation system includes an information presentation apparatus, a transmitter attached to a tire and configured to transmit tire ID information for identifying the tire, and a database configured to store tire ID information of tires which are genuine products, and the information presentation apparatus includes a reader configured to perform near field communication with the transmitter, to acquire the tire ID information transmitted by the transmitter, and a controller configured to cause an information presenter to present information indicating that the tire identified with the tire ID information is a genuine product in a case where the tire ID information is stored in the database, and/or cause the information presenter to present information indicating that the tire identified with the tire ID information is a counterfeit product in a case where the tire ID information is not stored in the database.

Abstract: A tire rental management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes an input interface configured to accept input of a usage area and/or a usage period of a tire as a condition regarding rental of the tire to a user, and a controller configured to determine a tire in accordance with the usage area and/or the usage period input to the input interface as a rental tire among a plurality of tires for rental.

Abstract: A tire theft monitoring system includes a transmitter attached to a tire and configured to transmit tire ID information, a second database configured to store the vehicle ID information of the vehicle and contact information of an owner of the vehicle in association with each other, and a monitoring apparatus mounted on a vehicle to be monitored, and the monitoring apparatus includes a reader configured to perform near field communication with the transmitter attached to the tire mounted on the vehicle to be monitored, to acquire the tire ID information, and a controller configured to, in a case where the reader cannot acquire the tire ID information, determine that the tire identified with the tire ID information has been stolen and make a notification to contact information stored in the second database in association with vehicle ID information of the vehicle to be monitored.

Abstract: A tire rental management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a memory configured to store rental history of each of a plurality of tires for rental, and a controller configured to estimate remaining life of a tire on the basis of the rental history of the tire stored in the memory and determine a rental tire in accordance with a period during which a user desires to rent a tire and the estimated remaining life.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire in accordance with the present disclosure comprises a first sound damper fixed to a tire inner surface and being made of a sponge material; a second sound damper disposed on a tire internal space side of the first sound damper, and being made of a sponge material; and a communication device retained between the first sound damper and the second sound damper, wherein the second sound damper has a hardness greater than a hardness of the first sound damper.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire in accordance with the present disclosure comprises a first sound damper fixed to a tire inner surface and being made of a sponge material; a second sound damper disposed on an inner-tire space side of the first sound damper, and being made of a sponge material; and a sensor retained to at least the first sound damper, the sensor being configured to detect a displacement of the tire inner surface or a physical quantity calculable based on the displacement of the tire inner surface, wherein the first sound damper has a hardness greater than a hardness of the second sound damper.

Abstract: A tire includes a pair of bead portions, a pair of sidewall portions arranged at an outer side in a tire radial direction of the bead portions and a tread portion arranged between the sidewall portions, and a reinforcing rubber layer is provided to the sidewall portions. The reinforcing rubber layer extends over at least a part of the tread portion from the sidewall portions. The tire further includes a sound control layer which covers at least a part of an inner circumferential surface of the tire. The sound control layer is not laminated on the reinforcing rubber layer.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor including a drive shaft through which a gas passage extends between front and rear ends of the drive shaft. The gas passage is connected to a suction chamber at the rear end of the drive shaft. The drive shaft includes a first gas inlet passage, which connects the gas passage to a crank chamber through a lip seal, an oil chamber, and a thrust bearing, and a second gas inlet passage, which connects the gas passage to a central portion of the crank chamber. The drive shaft further includes a sleeve movable along the drive shaft as a swash plate inclines to adjust an open amount of the second gas inlet passage in accordance with the inclination angle of the swash plate, that is, the displacement of the compressor.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for effectively regenerating bone, and more specifically to provide a method for regenerating bone that is capable of treating patients suffering from bone defect or bone injury. The present invention provides a method for regenerating bone, which comprises culturing and/or transplanting mesenchymal cells in the coexistence of epithelial cells.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor including a drive shaft through which a gas passage extends between front and rear ends of the drive shaft. The gas passage is connected to a suction chamber at the rear end of the drive shaft. The drive shaft includes a first gas inlet passage, which connects the gas passage to a crank chamber through a lip seal, an oil chamber, and a thrust bearing, and a second gas inlet passage, which connects the gas passage to a central portion of the crank chamber. The drive shaft further includes a sleeve movable along the drive shaft as a swash plate inclines to adjust an open amount of the second gas inlet passage in accordance with the inclination angle of the swash plate, that is, the displacement of the compressor.