Abstract: A food inspection apparatus 1 or 2 includes a light source or a plurality of light sources 10 that outputs near infrared light L1, and a detector unit 20 that measures a diffuse reflectance spectrum of light which is the near infrared light L1 and is diffusively reflected from an object 50 from among. The light source 10 and a detector unit 20 are arranged such that an angle defined by an optical path L2, along which the near infrared light is regularly reflected at a surface of the object, or an optical path L5, along which the near infrared light is transmitted through the object, and a straight line L3 or L6 connecting an irradiation position P1 or P2 on the surface of the object irradiated with the near infrared light and the detector unit 20, is 45 degrees or greater.

Abstract: A method of inspecting food which can evaluate quality of the food with improved precision includes steps of irradiating probing light having near infrared wavelengths on the food; detecting light diffusively reflected by the food to obtain a reflectance spectrum; obtaining an absorbance spectrum based on the reflectance spectrum; and evaluating the food using the reflectance spectrum and the absorbance spectrum. An apparatus for implementing the method includes: a light source unit to generate probing light which has near infrared wavelengths and illuminates the food; a detector unit to detect light diffusively reflected by the food to obtain a reflectance spectrum of the food; and a processing unit to evaluate the food based on the reflectance spectrum and an absorbance spectrum calculated from the reflectance spectrum.

Abstract: A food inspection apparatus of the present invention, which allows throughput improvement, comprises a light source unit 10 for irradiating near-infrared light to an irradiation range including an inspection object 90; a detector unit 20 having a plurality of photodetectors for receiving light such that the light caused in the irradiation range by the irradiation is detected repeatedly at intervals of given time; an analyzer unit 40 for extracting a plurality of features out of the signal groups output by the detector unit 20 according to the detected light intensity; and a display unit 40 for displaying the plurality of features as images.

Abstract: In a PLL comprising a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) equipped with a variable resonator, a frequency divider, a phase comparator, and an low pass filter (LPF), a variable resonator control signal generation section has the output voltage of the LPF as an input, detects a f/v sensitivity of the VCO, generates a variable resonator control signal, and controls a capacitance of the variable resonator by the variable resonator control signal. In a disclosed embodiment, when a voltage detection circuit having the output voltage of the LPF as an input detects a predetermined voltage, a data latch circuit transmits a variable resonator control signal based on the voltage detected by voltage detection circuit to variable resonator and performs a variable capacitance control. As a result, the f/v sensitivity of the VCO can be controlled to an optimal value even in the event of PLL configuration element variation or temperature changes.

Abstract: An optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention has an actuator structure. The actuator structure has a substrate, a stationary electrode, a movable electrode, an optical element, and a hole portion. The stationary electrode is provided on a surface of the substrate. The movable electrode is provided on the surface of the substrate. The optical element is provided on the movable electrode. The substrate faces the movable electrode. The hole portion is formed in a part of the substrate. A region near the movable electrode where the optical element is provided is immersed in a matching oil.

Abstract: A movable mirror device comprises a deformable mirror; and a drive section for deforming the mirror into a concave shape and into a convex shape.

Abstract: In a PLL comprising a VCO 1 equipped with a variable resonator 2, a frequency divider 6, a phase comparator 7, and an LPF 8, a variable resonator control signal generation section 10 has the output voltage of LPF 8 as input, detects the f/v sensitivity of VCO 1, generates a variable resonator control signal, and controls the capacitance of variable resonator 2 by means of the variable resonator control signal. Specifically, when a voltage detection circuit 5 having the output voltage of LPF 8 as input detects a predetermined voltage, a data latch circuit 4 transmits a variable resonator control signal based on the voltage detected by voltage detection circuit 5 to variable resonator 2 and performs variable capacitance control. As a result, the f/v sensitivity of VCO 1 can be controlled to an optimal value even in the event of PLL configuration element variation or temperature changes.

Abstract: A movable mirror device has a plurality of reflecting mirrors and a plurality of mirror drivers. The plurality of reflecting mirrors are reflecting mirrors to reflect signal light and are arranged in a one-dimensional direction along a predetermined plane. The plurality of mirror drivers are arranged two-dimensionally relative to the one-dimensional direction and individually drive the respective reflecting mirrors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical communication system of a structure permitting the communication carrier side to select a delivery service content to be finally provided from a terminal in a communication network through an optical fiber to a subscriber home. The optical communication system comprises a terminal as a final repeater in a predetermined communication network for delivering signal light with multiple signal channels multiplexed, to a plurality of subscriber homes; and an optical fiber network with one or more branch points installed between the terminal and the subscriber homes.

Abstract: An optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention has an actuator structure. The actuator structure has a substrate, a stationary electrode, a movable electrode, an optical element, and a hole portion. The stationary electrode is provided on a surface of the substrate. The movable electrode is provided on the surface of the substrate. The optical element is provided on the movable electrode. The substrate faces the movable electrode. The hole portion is formed in a part of the substrate. A region near the movable electrode where the optical element is provided is immersed in a matching oil.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing an optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a step of yielding an optical fiber by drawing an optical fiber preform softened upon heating, wherein a temperature at which the optical fiber preform is softened is at least 1800° C., whereas the optical fiber preform or optical fiber has a glass cooling rate of 4000° C./sec or less when attaining a temperature of 1800° C.

Abstract: A movable mirror device comprises a deformable mirror; and a drive section for deforming the mirror into a concave shape and into a convex shape.

Abstract: A movable mirror device has a plurality of reflecting mirrors and a plurality of mirror drivers. The plurality of reflecting mirrors are reflecting mirrors to reflect signal light and are arranged in a one-dimensional direction along a predetermined plane. The plurality of mirror drivers are arranged two-dimensionally relative to the one-dimensional direction and individually drive the respective reflecting mirrors.

Abstract: An optical fiber manufacturing method and apparatus in which an optical fiber is drawn from an optical fiber preform, while rotating the optical fiber, to impart the optical fiber with twist. Specifically, with the optical fiber in contact with an arc concave surface of first swing guide roller under a predetermined force, a first swing guide roller is swung with the center of the arc concave surface to twist the optical fiber. In this arrangement, the variation range of the path of the optical fiber can be reduced, making it possible to stabilize the pressure of the swing guide roller against the optical fiber. Accordingly, the frictional force developed across the swing guide roller and the optical fiber can be kept constant to make slippage less likely, making it possible to efficiently twist the optical fiber always at a predetermined rotatory force.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing an optical fiber in accordance with the present invention comprises a step of yielding an optical fiber by drawing an optical fiber preform softened upon heating, wherein a temperature at which the optical fiber preform is softened is at least 1800° C., whereas the optical fiber preform or optical fiber has a glass cooling rate of 4000° C./sec or less when attaining a temperature of 1800° C.

Abstract: In a frequency divider in which a dividing number defined by the ratio of an input frequency to an output frequency is changed between two states of M and M+1 (M is an integer), the time point when the dividing number becomes M+1 is randomized on the time axis with the average dividing number being maintained at M+1/N (N is an integer).

Abstract: A Colpitts oscillator has an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes a transistor having an equivalent large size, a bypass capacitor connected between a collector of the transistor and a ground, a first feedback capacitor connected between a base and an emitter of the transistor, a second feedback capacitor connected between the emitter of the transistor and the ground, and an emitter follower connected to the emitter of the transistor. In a package, a stray reactance and a bonding wire are designed so as to agree with an element value and a Q value which can be used as parts of a resonator. A surface elastic wave resonator disposed outside the integrated circuit is connected between the base of the transistor and the ground. The oscillator is voltage controlled by a variable capacitance diode connected in series with the resonator.