Abstract: A developing roller in which the decay rate of the surface potential is high and in which an image failure caused by the accumulation of electric charge does not occur is provided. The developing roller 10 includes a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the outer periphery of the shaft, and at least one coating layer 3, 4 formed on the outer periphery of the elastic layer. The volume resistivity of a layer on the inner periphery side of the elastic layer and the coating layer is smaller than the volume resistivity of a layer on the outer periphery side, and the difference between the volume resistivities of the elastic layer and the coating layer positioned on the outermost periphery side is in the range of 2.8 to 4.3 (Log ?cm).

Abstract: An electrically conductive roller which may easily obtain a desired surface roughness, and which has good setting property without problems such as high cost and compression set is provided. An electrically conductive roller 10 comprises a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the periphery of the shaft and one surface layer 3 formed on the peripheral surface of the elastic layer 2. The elastic layer 2 is composed of a urethane foam in which the degree of swelling is not more than 120% with respect to the solvent used in the formation of the surface layer 3. The urethane foam preferably contains, as a polyol component, a polyester polyol having a hydroxyl value of 200 to 400 and 3 or more functional groups.

Abstract: A developing roller in which the decay rate of the surface potential is high and in which an image failure caused by the accumulation of electric charge does not occur is provided. The developing roller 10 includes a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the outer periphery of the shaft, and at least one coating layer 3, 4 formed on the outer periphery of the elastic layer. The volume resistivity of a layer on the inner periphery side of the elastic layer and the coating layer is smaller than the volume resistivity of a layer on the outer periphery side, and the difference between the volume resistivities of the elastic layer and the coating layer positioned on the outermost periphery side is in the range of 2.8 to 4.3 (Log ?km).

Abstract: There is a developing roller having a low compression permanent strain without contaminating a photosensitive drum and deteriorating toners. The developing roller 1 comprises a shaft 2, an elastic layer 3 formed on an outer periphery of the shaft 2 and a surface coating layer 4 formed on an outer peripheral face of the elastic layer 3, in which the surface coating layer 4 comprises a urethane resin formed by crosslinking a lactone-modified polyol with a polyisocyanate. The urethane resin is preferable to be formed by crosslinking the lactone-modified polyol with two or more kinds of polyisocyanates.

Abstract: A developing roller which shows an excellent environmental performance and is free from occurrence of toner filming and toner leakage is provided. The developing roller 10 comprises a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the outer periphery of the shaft 1, and a single surface layer 3 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 2. The elastic layer 2 comprises a polyurethane foam and the surface layer 3 comprises an aqueous polyurethane resin as a major component and further a water-dispersible silica and/or an aqueous silicone acrylic graft polymer. As the aqueous polyurethane resin, a UV curing resin may be preferably used.

Abstract: A conductive roller such as a developing roller, a charging roller or the like provided with a resin coating layer on a surface of an elastic layer, and more particularly to a conductive roller having the resin coating layer using an ultraviolet-curing type resin or an electron beam curing type resin and being obtained by contriving a structure of the resin coating layer, rendering the resin coating layer to contain microparticles, controlling the particle size of the microparticles, or forming the resin coating layer after the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer is subjected to surface treatment.

Abstract: An electrically conductive roller which may easily obtain a desired surface roughness, and which has good setting property without problems such as high cost and compression set is provided. An electrically conductive roller 10 comprises a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the periphery of the shaft and one surface layer 3 formed on the peripheral surface of the elastic layer 2. The elastic layer 2 is composed of a urethane foam in which the degree of swelling is not more than 120% with respect to the solvent used in the formation of the surface layer 3. The urethane foam preferably contains, as a polyol component, a polyester polyol having a hydroxyl value of 200 to 400 and 3 or more functional groups.

Abstract: A developing roller which shows an excellent environmental performance and is free from occurrence of toner filming and toner leakage is provided. The developing roller 10 comprises a shaft 1, an elastic layer 2 supported on the outer periphery of the shaft 1, and a single surface layer 3 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 2. The elastic layer 2 comprises a polyurethane foam and the surface layer 3 comprises an aqueous polyurethane resin as a major component and further a water-dispersible silica and/or an aqueous silicone acrylic graft polymer. As the aqueous polyurethane resin, a UV curing resin may be preferably used.

Abstract: A development roller is provided which can ensure a desired surface roughness and roller hardness even when an elastic layer has not sufficient solvent resistance and which can be preferably used for a long period of time without generating any peeling of a coating film during a continuous long operation. In the development roller, an underlying conductive layer having at least one sublayer and a surface resin layer are provided on the elastic layer in that order. The elastic layer is formed of a foam material having a closed cell structure, the underlying conductive layer is formed from a water-based paint containing a conductive agent, and one of the sublayers of the underlying conductive layer that is in contact with the elastic layer is at least primarily composed of a chloroprene-methacrylic acid copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a conductive roller such as a developing roller, a charging roller or the like provided with a resin coating calyer on a surface of an elastic layer, and more particularly to a conductive roller having the resin coating layer using an ultraviolet-curing type resin or an electron beam curing type resin and being obtained by contriving a structure of the resin coating layer, rendering the resin coating layer to contain microparticles, controlling the particle size of the microparticles, or forming the resin coating layer after the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer is subjected to surface treatment.

Abstract: There is a developing roller having a low compression permanent strain without contaminating a photosensitive drum and deteriorating toners. The developing roller 1 comprises a shaft 2, an elastic layer 3 formed on an outer periphery of the shaft 2 and a surface coating layer 4 formed on an outer peripheral face of the elastic layer 3, in which the surface coating layer 4 comprises a urethane resin formed by crosslinking a lactone-modified polyol with a polyisocyanate. The urethane resin is preferable to be formed by crosslinking the lactone-modified polyol with two or more kinds of polyisocyanates.

Abstract: A development roller is provided which can ensure a desired surface roughness and roller hardness even when an elastic layer has not sufficient solvent resistance and which can be preferably used for a long period of time without generating any peeling of a coating film during a continuous long operation. In the development roller, an underlying conductive layer having at least one sublayer and a surface resin layer are provided on the elastic layer in that order. The elastic layer is formed of a foam material having a closed cell structure, the underlying conductive layer is formed from a water-based paint containing a conductive agent, and one of the sublayers of the underlying conductive layer that is in contact with the elastic layer is at least primarily composed of a chloroprene-methacrylic acid copolymer.

Abstract: An electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells, wherein an oxidation-reduction substance is carried by a vulcanized rubber, a phosphazene polymer, a porous body comprising a high molecular material which has a three-dimensional continuous network skeleton structure, or an EVA resin film. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising dye-sensitized semiconductor electrodes 2, 3, a counter electrode 4 arranged at an opposed position to the electrodes, and an electrolyte 6 between the electrodes 2, 3 and the electrode 4. A solid electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells effective in improving the generation efficiency, durability, and safety of dye-sensitized solar cells and can be manufactured inexpensively.

Abstract: A developing roller and an image forming device capable of securely obtaining high-quality images are provided. In the developing roller having at least one resin outer layer 3a formed on the outer periphery of an elastic layer 3, the resin outer layer is made of an ultraviolet-curable resin or an electron-beam-curable resin. The resin outer layer 3a contains fine particles of which mean particle diameter is 1-50 &mgr;m and a conductive agent such as an ionic conductive agent or an electronic conductive agent. Preferably used as the fine particles are silicone rubber, fluororubber, melamine resin, phenol resin, glassy carbon, urethane elastomer, and the like. The ratio of the mean particle diameter “a” of the fine particles and the thickness “b” of the resin outer layer 3a, i.e. “a/b”, is preferably in a range of 0.05 to 0.5.