Abstract: A personal identification terminal includes a plurality of identification means or a plurality of identification levels that are selectable for use, and means for selecting one of the plural identification means or one of the identification levels in accordance with identification means/level setting information that is received from a server every time when receiving a request for identification from the server. The personal identification terminal sends used means/level information that indicates one of the identification means or one of the identification levels that was used for the real identification back to the server in a format that enables detection of an alteration thereof together with a result of the identification.

Abstract: A laser light source (61) and a heat-radiating plate (71) are provided on a pickup base (51). The laser light source (61) irradiates a laser beam to an optical disk (41). The heat-radiating plate (71) has at least one part exposed outside the pickup base (51), having a predetermined distance between the heat-radiating plate (71) and the pickup base (51), and radiates heat generated by the laser light source (61). The plate (71) can radiate heat also from a surface opposing the pickup base (51) and can therefore have a high heat-radiating efficiency.

Abstract: A communication hole (55) is provided in a pickup base (51). A laser light source (61) is provided at an end of the communication hole (55). A grating (71) is provided at another end of the communication hole (55). The communication hole (55) is provided with a heat radiation path (81) which connects the inside of the communication hole (55) with the outside of the pickup base (51). Heat generated from the laser light source (61) is radiated from the heat radiation path (81).

Abstract: A program execution control device adapted to authorize execution of a program specified in advance comprises an expected value table storage section that stores at least a set of an expected value obtained by applying a predetermined function to the program specified in advance and the identifier of the specified program, an input interface that allows at least a set of an input program and the identifier of the input program to be input externally, a function operating section that acquires a computed value by applying a predetermined function to the input program, a comparing section that compares the expected value corresponding to the identifier of the input program out of the expected values in the expected value table and the computed value and an output interface that externally outputs the input program in response to agreement of the compared two values.

Abstract: A memory management unit manages a memory that stores a code, and sets that the memory that stores the code to be executed is valid to make a processor execute the code stores a verification key used to verify a validity of the code in a verification-key storing unit. When the code is stored in the memory and ready to be executed by the processor, the memory management unit verifies the validity of the code using the verification key stored in the verification-key storing unit and verification information assigned to the code. The memory management unit controls to set that the memory is valid when the validity is verified by the verifying unit, and not to set that the memory is valid when the validity is not verified by the verifying unit.

Abstract: A laser light source (61) and a heat-radiating plate (71) are provided on a pickup base (51). The laser light source (61) irradiates a laser beam to an optical disk (41). The heat-radiating plate (71) has at least one part exposed outside the pickup base (51), having a predetermined distance between the heat-radiating plate (71) and the pickup base (51), and radiates heat generated by the laser light source (61). The plate (71) can radiate heat also from a surface opposing the pickup base (51) and can therefore have a high heat-radiating efficiency.

Abstract: A communication hole (55) is provided in a pickup base (51). A laser light source (61) is provided at an end of the communication hole (55). A grating (71) is provided at another end of the communication hole (55). The communication hole (55) is provided with a heat radiation path (81) which connects the inside of the communication hole (55) with the outside of the pickup base (51). Heat generated from the laser light source (61) is radiated from the heat radiation path (81).

Abstract: A personal identification terminal includes a plurality of identification means or a plurality of identification levels that are selectable for use, and means for selecting one of the plural identification means or one of the identification levels in accordance with identification means/level setting information that is received from a server every time when receiving a request for identification from the server. The personal identification terminal sends used means/level information that indicates one of the identification means or one of the identification levels that was used for the real identification back to the server in a format that enables detection of an alteration thereof together with a result of the identification.

Abstract: In a plasma facing member exposed to a plasma beam of nuclear fusion reactors or the like, such as an electron beam, a tungsten layer is formed by the use of a CVD method and has a thickness of 500 micron meters or more. The tungsten layer may be overlaid on a substrate of molybdenum or tungsten and comprises included gases reduced to 2 ppm or less and impurities reduced to 2 ppm or less. The tungsten layer is specified by either a fine equi-axed grain structure or a columnar grain structure. Alternatively, the material of the substrate may be, for example, Cu alloy, stainless steel, Nb alloy, or V alloy.

Abstract: A network system with integrated security protection facilities. The system involves a transmission unit and a reception unit, which are coupled to each other via a network. In the transmission unit, a data management unit performs centralized management of source data that is stored in a plurality of storage units in a distributed manner. In response to a data transmission request from a terminal local to the transmission unit, a data collection unit collects requested data items from the data management unit. A security processor applies appropriate security protection processes to the collected data, depending on its data confidentiality level. An identification data attaching unit attaches identification data to the transmission data. This identification data informs the recipient of what sequence of security process primitives has been applied to the source data. A transmitter sends out the security-protected data over the network.

Abstract: A film laminating apparatus attaches films to electronic circuit boards, such as printed circuit boards and silicone boards or wafers. The film laminating apparatus conveys a plurality of boards at intervals, forms pieces of lamination film at the intervals of the boards on a base film with a processing area between boards and continuously conveys the base film into a reduced-pressure chamber having a board loading port, a film loading port, a laminating mechanism for attaching the lamination film on the base film to the boards, and a board unloading port for ejecting the laminated boards. Shutters are provided for opening and closing shutter sections provided in the board loading port and the board unloading port of the reduced-pressure chamber, and a vacuum source is provided for evacuating the reduced-pressure chamber when the reduced-pressure chamber is closed by the shutters.

Abstract: In a plasma facing member exposed to a plasma beam of nuclear fusion reactors or the like, such as an electron beam, a tungsten layer is formed by the use of a CVD method and has a thickness of 500 micron meters or more. The tungsten layer may be overlaid on a substrate of molybdenum or tungsten and comprises included gases reduced to 2 ppm or less and impurities reduced to 2 ppm or less. The tungsten layer is specified by either a fine equi-axed grain structure or a columnar grain structure. Alternatively, the material of the substrate may be, for example, Cu alloy, stainless steel, Nb alloy, or V alloy.

Abstract: A contents utilization control apparatus includes an input unit for inputting a) contents with control module that consist of contents and a control module, and b) a license with control module that consists of a license prepared from contents utilization approval information and a control module. The control module in the contents with control module and the control module in the license with control module cooperate with each other to carry out a control relating to the utilization of the contents.

Abstract: In a plasma facing member exposed to a plasma beam of nuclear fusion reactors or the like, such as an electron beam, a tungsten layer is formed by the use of a CVD method and has a thickness of 500 micron meters or more. The tungsten layer may be overlaid on a substrate of molybdenum or tungsten and comprises included gases reduced to 2 ppm or less and impurities reduced to 2 ppm or less. The tungsten layer is specified by either a fine equi-axed grain structure or a columnar grain structure. Alternatively, the material of the substrate may be, for example, Cu alloy, stainless steel, Nb alloy, or V alloy.

Abstract: A program ID is provided for each authoring program, the program ID of the authoring program is copied to the program ID whenever the authoring program processes contents, and contents ID are newly generated and provided also for each contents. Thereby, the management of an authoring program or contents such as assuring of copyright, preventing of alteration, or maintaining of security is simplified.

Abstract: The frequency of a quartz oscillator having a trimmer 2, a quartz oscillator 3 on which its temperature characteristic is printed in the form of a bar code 6, and a storage device 4 is adjusted to a predetermined frequency, and the temperature at that time is measured by a noncontact temperature sensor of a frequency adjusting device 10, and is written into the storage device 4. The temperature characteristic of the quartz oscillator is read by a bar code reader 21, and optimally suited temperature compensating data is selected from among a plurality of pieces of temperature compensating data stored in advance in a temperature-compensating-data writing device. Further, a frequency deviation between the temperature at the time of adjustment and a standard temperature is calculated, and the temperature compensating data including that frequency deviation is stored in the storage device 4.

Abstract: A clamping system has a clamping device inserted in an installing hole formed in a fixture base, a cylinder unit for operating a clamp and a detection unit for detecting operation positions of the clamp, both of which are formed in the clamping device. In the fixture base, there are formed clamping fluid supplying passages for supplying clamping fluid and detection fluid supplying passages for supplying detection fluid, in which pressure switches are provided. And also, in the clamping device, there are formed detection fluid supply passages and clamping fluid supply passages. When the clamping device is inserted into an installing hole formed in the fixture base, the clamping fluid supplying passages are communicated with clamping fluid supply passages, and also the detection fluid supplying passages is communicated with the detection fluid supply passages through nozzles formed in the cylinder unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing biomagnetic imaging to determine the location and intensity of current sources within a subject includes a sensor unit for sensing the magnetic field within the subject and for providing sensing signals. A signal processor defines a grid having multiple grid points and performs inverse estimation to determine the distribution of current sources on the defined grid based on the sensing signals. The signal processor then modifies the grid to improve the resolution of the current sources distributed on the grid. A control unit controls the operation of the signal processor and processes image data to provide magnified and non-magnified displays on a display unit. The biomagnetic imaging method and apparatus can be combined with a system for providing magnetic resonance imaging data so as to produce a superimposed display including an MRI image and a biomagnetic image.

Abstract: A long-life, inexpensive rotary anode for use in an X-ray tube having an X-ray generating layer formed by CVD on a graphite substrate and capable of producing high-power X-rays without the possibility of thermal cracks or delamination. When forming the X-ray generating layer of a tungsten-rhenium alloy on the graphite substrate through a rhenium intermediate layer by CVD, material gases are supplied intermittently so that the entire part or only the surface area of the X-ray generating layer will be formed of laminated structure of ultra-thin films each 0.1-5.0 microns thick. The content of rhenium in the tungsten-rhenium alloy forming the X-ray generating layer has a gradient form, i.e. increases from the interface with the rhenium intermediate layer toward the surface, so that the total amount of rhenium added can be reduced.

Abstract: In a method/apparatus of the present invention, a plurality or pickup coils are employed at a plurality of detection points so as to measure magnetic field intensities induced from electric current generated on living organ: the detection points are spatially interpolated/extrapolated; equations to determine relations of a hypothetically located current to the magnetic field intensities at the detection points and the interpolated detection points are established; the magnetic field intensities are measured with the pickup coils; magnetic field intensities are estimated at the interpolated/extrapolated detection points from the magnetic field intensities measured by the pickup coils; and the hypothetically located electric current is calculated by applying said magnetic field intensities at the detection points and said interpolated/extrapolated detection points to said equation. Thus, the electric current value is estimated.