Abstract: In a method for improving machine translation results, a processor receives a target document in a first language. A processor may also translate the target document into a first translated document in a second language using a first neural machine translation (NMT) model, determine a target attribute value from the target document and a first translated attribute value for the first translated document using a natural language understanding (NLU) model, and compare the target attribute value to the first translated attribute value to determine a first comparison score for the first NMT model.

Abstract: An embodiment includes determining semantic attributes of a bookmark. The embodiment also includes determining respective attribute values for each of the semantic attributes of the bookmark. The embodiment also includes rendering a three-dimensional (3D) virtual space for display to a user, where the virtual space is defined by three orthogonal axes, each associated with a respective one of the semantic attributes. The embodiment also includes displaying a symbol representative of the bookmark in the virtual space. The symbol is positioned in the virtual space at an intersection of perpendicular projections from locations on the three axes corresponding with respective attribute values of the attributes associated with the respective axes.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes polymer units ? and ?, each having a hydrophilic polymer chain bound to a cationic polymer chain, and a drug. The polymer units ? and ? are radially arranged such that the cationic polymer chains are directed inward and the hydrophilic polymer chains are directed outward, thereby forming a micelle with the drug encapsulated in the micelle. The cationic polymer chain of the polymer unit ? has a phenylboronic acid group in a side chain, and the cationic polymer chain of the polymer unit ? has a phenylboronic acid binding site in a side chain. The phenylboronic acid group and the phenylboronic acid binding site form a cross-linked structure that can dissociate in an acidic environment and/or in the presence of a substance capable of competitive binding.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes polymer units ? and ?, each having a hydrophilic polymer chain bound to a cationic polymer chain, and a drug. The polymer units ? and ? are radially arranged such that the cationic polymer chains are directed inward and the hydrophilic polymer chains are directed outward, thereby forming a micelle with the drug encapsulated in the micelle. The cationic polymer chain of the polymer unit ? has a phenylboronic acid group in a side chain, and the cationic polymer chain of the polymer unit ? has a phenylboronic acid binding site in a side chain. The phenylboronic acid group and the phenylboronic acid binding site form a cross-linked structure that can dissociate in an acidic environment and/or in the presence of a substance capable of competitive binding.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for purifying an NCA, including the steps of: a) dissolving an NCA contaminated with impurities into a solvent which is a good solvent and is not a chlorinated solvent followed by stirring to precipitate an undissolved impurity to afford a suspension, b) adding an acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity to the obtained suspension followed by filtration and/or forming a fixed bed of the acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity followed by filtering the suspension to bring the suspension to be in contact with the acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity, and c) adding the obtained filtrate dropwise to a poor solvent for NCA to crystallize out the NCA in which the impurities are removed. This makes it possible to purify a low-purity NCA conveniently to afford a high-purity NCA.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vesicle, a conjugate, a composition comprising the vesicle or the conjugate, for use in delivering a drug to the brain, and a method for administering the same. The composition of the present invention is a composition for administration to a subject according to a dosing regimen, comprising a carrier for drug delivery, wherein the dosing regimen comprises administering the composition to a subject who has been fasted or caused to have hypoglycemia and inducing an increase in blood glucose level in the subject, and the carrier is modified at the outer surface thereof with a GLUT1 ligand.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for purifying an NCA, including the steps of: a) dissolving an NCA contaminated with impurities into a solvent which is a good solvent and is not a chlorinated solvent followed by stirring to precipitate an undissolved impurity to afford a suspension, b) adding an acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity to the obtained suspension followed by filtration and/or forming a fixed bed of the acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity followed by filtering the suspension to bring the suspension to be in contact with the acidic filter aid having ability to trap a basic impurity, and c) adding the obtained filtrate dropwise to a poor solvent for NCA to crystallize out the NCA in which the impurities are removed. This makes it possible to purify a low-purity NCA conveniently to afford a high-purity NCA.

Abstract: A cathode active material includes a first cathode material configured of a layered rocksalt type lithium metal oxide, the layered rocksalt type lithium metal oxide including lithium and a metal other than lithium, the metal configured of nickel (Ni), or nickel (Ni) and the like. A site occupancy of metal ions other than lithium at a 3a site obtained by Rietveld analysis of a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the first cathode material in a cathode in a discharged state is about 5% or less, and a site occupancy of metal ions other than the metal occupying a part of a 3b site at the 3b site is about 1% or over, and the cathode active material is covered with a coating film, and an exposed amount of the cathode active material exposed from the coating film is within a range from about 0.05% to about 8% both inclusive.

Abstract: A polyion complex of mRNA and a polycationic polymer, and a composition and a pharmaceutical composition for mRNA delivery are provided. The polyion complex of mRNA and the polycationic polymer can deliver mRNA into cells in the body of a subject almost without inducing inflammation. The polyion complex can then cause mRNA to be uniformly expressed in cells in the body of the subject. The pharmaceutical composition containing the polyion complex is suitable for use in treating a disease whose condition rapidly progresses or an acute disease.

Abstract: There is provided a battery including a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. At least one electrode of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a current collector, a mixture layer over one main surface of the current collector, the mixture layer including a gap through which a part of the current collector is exposed, a lead bonded to an exposed surface of the current collector exposed through the gap, and a protective layer configured to protect the current collector, at least a part of the protective layer being over the exposed surface of the current collector and interposed between a part of the lead and the exposed surface. The part of the lead includes at least a part of a peripheral edge of the lead.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vesicle, a conjugate, a composition comprising the vesicle or the conjugate, for use in delivering a drug to the brain, and a method for administering the same. The composition of the present invention is a composition for administration to a subject according to a dosing regimen, comprising a carrier for drug delivery, wherein the dosing regimen comprises administering the composition to a subject who has been fasted or caused to have hypoglycemia and inducing an increase in blood glucose level in the subject, and the carrier is modified at the outer surface thereof with a GLUT1 ligand.

Abstract: A cathode mixture, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and manufacture method thereof are provided. The cathode mixture for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: a cathode active material having an olivine type crystal structure; and an inorganic oxide which does not contribute to charge and discharge. A particle diameter A of the cathode active material lies within a range from 0.1 ?m or more to 0.5 ?m or less. There is a relation of A>B between the particle diameter A of the cathode active material and a particle diameter B of the inorganic oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vesicle, a conjugate, a composition comprising the vesicle or the conjugate, for use in delivering a drug to the brain, and a method for administering the same. The composition of the present invention is a composition for administration to a subject according to a dosing regimen, comprising a carrier for drug delivery, wherein the dosing regimen comprises administering the composition to a subject who has been fasted or caused to have hypoglycemia and inducing an increase in blood glucose level in the subject, and the carrier is modified at the outer surface thereof with a GLUT1 ligand.

Abstract: A cathode mix for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries includes a cathode active material having an olivine crystal structure, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Also, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the cathode includes: a cathode active material having an olivine crystal structure; and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.

Abstract: A polyion complex of mRNA and a polycationic polymer, and a composition and a pharmaceutical composition for mRNA delivery are provided. The polyion complex of mRNA and the polycationic polymer can deliver mRNA into cells in the body of a subject almost without inducing inflammation. The polyion complex can then cause mRNA to be uniformly expressed in cells in the body of the subject. The pharmaceutical composition containing the polyion complex is suitable for use in treating a disease whose condition rapidly progresses or an acute disease.

Abstract: A battery comprising a positive electrode; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material layer that is formed on at least one surface of a negative electrode collector; and an electrolyte, wherein in the negative electrode active material layer from the negative electrode collector up to ½ of a layer thickness in a surface direction of the negative electrode active material layer, a pore volume ratio expressed as (pore volume B/pore volume A) that is a ratio of a pore volume A (ml/g) in a range of 0.001 ?m or more and 0.4 ?m or less of a pore diameter measured by a mercury porosimeter and a pore volume B (ml/g) in a range of 0.4 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less of the pore diameter is 1.4 or more and 3.4 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vesicle, a conjugate, a composition comprising the vesicle or the conjugate, for use in delivering a drug to the brain, and a method for administering the same. The composition of the present invention is a composition for administration to a subject according to a dosing regimen, comprising a carrier for drug delivery, wherein the dosing regimen comprises administering the composition to a subject who has been fasted or caused to have hypoglycemia and inducing an increase in blood glucose level in the subject, and the carrier is modified at the outer surface thereof with a GLUT1 ligand.

Abstract: An excellent nucleic acid delivery composition is provided which has reduced cytotoxicity and improved nucleic acid introduction efficiency and gene expression efficiency. The composition comprises: a block copolymer having an uncharged hydrophilic polymer segment and a cationic polymer segment; a cationic polymer; and a nucleic acid, wherein the mol percentage (B/H ratio) of the cationic groups of the block copolymer to the total cationic groups of the block copolymer and the cationic polymer is between 25% and 90%.

Abstract: An anode includes an anode double side coating section; a first anode single-side coating section; and an anode double side non-coating section, the anode double side non-coating section, the first anode single-side coating section, and the anode double side coating section are provided in this order from a first end on the side of spiral winding start of the anode, and in an anode, (“Area density of an anode mixture layer on the first main surface side of the first anode single-side coating section”)/(“Area density of the anode mixture layer on the first main surface side of sections other than the first anode single-side coating section”) is equal to or more than about 1.2.

Abstract: (A) A cathode active material of a cathode includes a lithium phosphate compound represented by LiaM1bPO4 (M is Fe and the like, 0?a?2, b?1). (B) Fine pore distribution of the cathode measured by a mercury intrusion method indicates a peak P1 in a range where a pore diameter is equal to or more than about 0.01 micrometers and less than about 0.15 micrometers, and indicates a peak P2 in a range where the pore diameter is from about 0.15 micrometers to about 0.9 micrometers both inclusive. (C) A ratio I2/I1 between intensity I1 of the peak P1 and intensity I2 of the peak P2 is from about 0.5 to about 20 both inclusive. (D) Porosity of the cathode is from about 30 percent to about 50 percent both inclusive.