Abstract: Provided are an IC module, an IC card, and an IC module substrate that can reduce the manufacturing cost without degrading the external appearance of a contact terminal. An IC module includes a contact terminal (10) provided on a front surface (1a) of a base member (1) and having a contact surface, for contact with an external terminal, formed of a gold plating layer (14); an IC chip (55) attached to a back surface (1b) of the base member (1); a conductive member (a wire (60), a first conductive layer (20), and a second conductive layer (30)) connecting the IC chip (55) and the contact terminal (10) to each other through a through hole (3) opened at the front surface (1a) and the back surface (1b) of the base member (1); and an insulating surface material (40) partially covering the front surface (1a).

Abstract: Provided are an IC module, an IC card, and an IC module substrate that can reduce the manufacturing cost without degrading the external appearance of a contact terminal. An IC module includes a contact terminal (10) provided on a front surface (1a) of a base member (1) and having a contact surface, for contact with an external terminal, formed of a gold plating layer (14); an IC chip (55) attached to a back surface (1b) of the base member (1); a conductive member (a wire (60), a first conductive layer (20), and a second conductive layer (30)) connecting the IC chip (55) and the contact terminal (10) to each other through a through hole (3) opened at the front surface (1a) and the back surface (1b) of the base member (1); and an insulating surface material (40) partially covering the front surface (1a).

Abstract: To provide a method capable of producing stereocomplex polylactic acid, the method being capable of using carbon neutral materials that are not competitive from foods, such as saccharides, without the use of a method for designing optical resolution, which requires complicated operations and high cost and is difficult to perform mass production. The production method of the present invention comprises: a step of reacting glycerin with sodium hydroxide in high-temperature and high-pressure water to produce a racemic sodium lactate aqueous solution; a step of separating sodium from the racemic sodium lactate aqueous solution to recover racemic lactic acid; a step of dimerizing the racemic lactic acid to produce a lactide mixture containing meso lactide and racemic lactide; a step of separating meso lactide from the mixture to recover racemic lactide; and a step of polymerizing the racemic lactide with a salen-metal complex as a catalyst to produce stereocomplex polylactic acid.

Abstract: To provide a method capable of producing stereocomplex polylactic acid, the method being capable of using carbon neutral materials that are not competitive from foods, such as saccharides, without the use of a method for designing optical resolution, which requires complicated operations and high cost and is difficult to perform mass production. The production method of the present invention comprises: a step of reacting glycerin with sodium hydroxide in high-temperature and high-pressure water to produce a racemic sodium lactate aqueous solution; a step of separating sodium from the racemic sodium lactate aqueous solution to recover racemic lactic acid; a step of dimerizing the racemic lactic acid to produce a lactide mixture containing meso lactide and racemic lactide; a step of separating meso lactide from the mixture to recover racemic lactide; and a step of polymerizing the racemic lactide with a salen-metal complex as a catalyst to produce stereocomplex polylactic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing lactic acid according to the invention is characterized in that glycerin is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction under an alkaline condition at a temperature in the range of 150 to 400° C. and under pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure at the temperature. The glycerin produced from plant fats, animal fats or the like or pure product synthesized chemically or a discharge containing glycerin generated at the production of diesel fuel oil from fats, in which the fats are subjected to a transesterification with alcohol in the presence of an alkali catalyst in order to obtain fatty acid ester is preferably used as a starting material.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing lactic acid according to the invention comprises a reactor carrying out: subjecting glycerin to a hydrothermal reaction under an alkaline condition, supplying an alkaline solution comprising glycerin; and continuously producing lactic acid, wherein glycerin is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction under an alkaline condition at a temperature in the range of 150 to 400° C. and under pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure at the temperature. The glycerin produced from plant fats, animal fats or the like or pure product synthesized chemically or a discharge containing glycerin generated at the production of diesel fuel oil from fats, in which the fats are subjected to a transesterification with alcohol in the presence of an alkali catalyst in order to obtain fatty acid ester is preferably used as a starting material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of silicon tetrafluoride which can reduce the cost for the silicon tetrafluoride production and can also reduce the quantities of waste products produced in the process. Also disclosed is an apparatus for use for the process. The method comprises the steps of: (a) a high-silica fluorosilicic acid production step in which a raw material (1) containing silicon dioxide is reacted with a mixed solution containing hydrofluoric acid and hydrofluorosilicic acid to yield an aqueous high-silica fluorosilicic acid solution: (c) a silicon tetrafluoride production step in which the aqueous high-silica fluorosilicic acid solution is reacted with sulfuric acid to yield silicon tetrafluoride; and (d) a sulfuric acid production step in which a sulfuric acid fraction containing hydrogen fluoride which is a by-product in the silicon tetrafluoride production step (c) is subjected to steam stripping to yield sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for producing lactic acid according to the invention is characterized in that glycerin is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction under an alkaline condition at a temperature in the range of 150 to 400° C. and under pressure equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure at the temperature. The glycerin produced from plant fats, animal fats or the like or pure product synthesized chemically or a discharge containing glycerin generated at the production of diesel fuel oil from fats, in which the fats are subjected to a transesterification with alcohol in the presence of an alkali catalyst in order to obtain fatty acid ester is preferably used as a starting material.

Abstract: High purity silicon usable for production of solar cells is easily produced with high production efficiency. In a rotary chamber (50) made of quartz, which is evacuated and filled with an hydrogen-argon atmosphere containing SiF4, a plasma area (60) is generated by supplying electric power from a coil (51) to decompose SiF4 and produce silicon as being fine powder particles. Fine particles of seed silicon (Si) in the rotating reaction chamber are picked up and transported upward by weirs (52), and then they can fall by gravity into the plasma area where silicon elements produced by decomposition of SiF4 are deposited onto surfaces of the silicon fine particles.

Abstract: A method is provided for decomposition of chlorofluorocarbon to be decomposed and then disposed of. The process includes the following the steps of. A mixture of liquid chlorofluorocarbon substances to be decomposed (and then disposed of) and a liquid member are heated to a temperature of from about 500° C. to about 700° C. in order to produce a superheated vapor. The liquids member may be water, methanol, hydrogen peroxide, or mixtures thereof. The superheated vapor is maintained in a reactor for a sufficient reacting time in order to achieve decomposition of the chlorofluorocarbon in the mixture before passing through the reactor to a discharge outlet open to the environment.

Abstract: This invention relates to equipment for treating the aforesaid waste plastics directly with supercritical water, and an object thereof is to provide a method for the anticorrosive treatment of waste plastics treating equipment which makes it possible to use inexpensive stainless steel. Waste plastics treating equipment made of stainless steel is charged with a predetermined amount of an aqueous solution containing at least one alkali metal salt, and this aqueous solution is deaerated until its dissolved oxygen content is reduced to 0.5 mg/L or less. After the temperature and pressure of the equipment are raised until supercritical conditions are established, these temperature and pressure are maintained for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: Disclosed is an economical process for treating a large amount of plastics waste in which thermoplastics, crosslinked plastics, thermosetting plastics or a mixture thereof can be continuously and rapidly degraded and converted into oil without sorting various types of plastics waste. According to this process, powdered plastics obtained by grinding thermoplastics, crosslinked plastics, thermosetting plastics or a mixture thereof is mixed with water to form a slurry, and a dispersing agent such as a water-absorbing resin, a water-soluble polymer or a surface-active agent is added thereto. The resulting mixed slurry is fed to a tubular continuous reactor where the powdered plastics is degraded under reaction conditions causing the water to be in or near its supercritical region. Finally, oil is recovered from the reaction product.

Abstract: A safe and efficient hydrothermal reaction apparatus for converting waste plastic into oil is described herein. The apparatus comprises a receiver tank for containing therein a mixture of plastic and water; a high-pressure injection pump in communication with the receiver tank through a flow passage change-over valve, the flow passage change-over valve being in communication with a water injection passage; a reactor device including a curved piping in communication with the injection pump, the curved piping being provided with a heating means; and an effluent tank in communication with the reactor device through a pressure reducing valve. The flow rate of the mixture injected into the reaction device may be controlled by regulating the pressure reducing valve.

Abstract: A safe and efficient hydrothermal reaction apparatus is described herein. Decomposition or synthesis of object material is performed by the continuous passing of the material through a flow passage of multi-staged reactor units under turbulent flow conditions. The flow passage is formed by a curved or spiral piping. In each reactor unit, a hot plate block is included as a heating unit. The hot plate block and the curved piping are placed in an appropriate thermal contact relationship. A portion of the curved piping is freely supported, so as to accommodate stress caused in the piping under high-temperature/high-pressure conditions. A tank is provided for regulating or controlling the pressure fluctuation within the flow passage which may be caused by solids or powder present or occurring in the flow passage during high-pressure treatment.

Abstract: A deoxidizer sheet suitable for preservation of goods such as foods is provided that has a first layer which essentially contains a deoxidation reaction main agent, such as mixture of iron powder and a metal halide, and a fixing material such as natural or synthetic fibers and heat-meltable resin fibers or powder. The deoxidizer sheet also has a pair of second layers heat-bonded to both surfaces of the first layer.

Abstract: A belt-like package train having at least a surface layer made of a plastic includes a plurality of packages connected in series in one direction, each package being charged with a dioxidizing agent such as a metal powder, e.g., iron powder. The package train is coiled on a core made of a thick paper material having a small air-permeability. The coiled package train is disposed on the inlet side of an automatic severing apparatus and is successively fed into the apparatus so that the packages are successively severed from the outermost layer and then from the inner layers of the coiled package train.

Abstract: An oxygen absorbent packet comprising an oxygen absorbent packaged and sealed in a double packaging material 6 comprised of a gas-permeable outer material layer 1 composed of a plastic film or transparent paper, a gas-permeable sealing layer 2, an inner material layer 3 composed of gas-permeable paper or nonwoven cloth, and a gas-permeable sealing layer 4, and also containing an air layer 5 between layers and 1 and 2 or between layers 2 and 3.

Abstract: A bag in which an oxygen absorbent is sealed, is characterized in that at least part of the material constituting the bag is composed of a film having a plurality of fine openings, and being gas-permeable, but water-impermeable at one atmospheric pressure, and a container sealing member in which the bag is in a space inside the member are disclosed. The bag is used for preserving an aqueous liquid or semi-liquid material, such as foodstuffs and other materials.

Abstract: A container sealing member for a container used for preserving an aqueous liquid or semi-liquid material is disclosed. Said sealing member is characterized in that some of the space inside the sealing member is filled with an oxygen absorbent and the absorbent is separated from the contents of the container by a film which adheres to the sealing member so as to prevent the oxygen absorbent from contacting the contents of the container, the film having a plurality of fine openings and being gas-permeable but water-impermeable at one atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal foil- or plastic film-overlaid laminate which comprises completely covering a cleaned press plate with a cleaned metal foil, a cleaned plastic film or both of them in such a manner that the pressing surface of the press plate comes in intimate contact with the face side of said metal foil or plastic film, partially or completely sealing the resulting covering along at least two edges of the press plate, two of the edges being opposite to each other, applying the covered press plate to one or both sides of a laminating base, subjecting the resulting assembly to a laminating apparatus with heating under pressure, taking the assembly out of the laminating apparatus, and thereafter opening the covering to remove the press plate.